Extremophile deep-sea viral communities from hydrothermal vents: Structural and functional analysis
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Date
2019-03-09
Authors
Castelán-Sánchez, Hugo G.
Lopéz-Rosas, Itzel
García-Suastegui, Wendy A.
Peralta, Raúl
Dobson, Alan D. W.
Batista-García, Ramón Alberto
Dávila-Ramos, Sonia
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
Published Version
Abstract
Ten publicly available metagenomic data sets from hydrothermal vents were analyzed to determine the taxonomic structure of the viral communities present, as well as their potential metabolic functions. The type of natural selection on two auxiliary metabolic genes was also analyzed. The structure of the virome in the hydrothermal vents was quite different in comparison with the viruses present in sediments, with specific populations being present in greater abundance in the plume samples when compared with the sediment samples. ssDNA genomes such as Circoviridae and Microviridae were predominantly present in the sediment samples, with Caudovirales which are dsDNA being present in the vent samples. Genes potentially encoding enzymes that participate in carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolic pathways were found in greater abundance, than those involved in the oxygen cycle, in the hydrothermal vents. Functional profiling of the viromes, resulted in the discovery of genes encoding proteins involved in bacteriophage capsids, DNA synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, as well as viral auxiliary metabolic genes such as cytitidyltransferase and ribonucleotide reductase. These auxiliary metabolic genes participate in the synthesis of phospholipids and nucleotides respectively and are likely to contribute to enhancing the fitness of their bacterial hosts within the hydrothermal vent communities. Finally, evolutionary analysis suggested that these auxiliary metabolic genes are highly conserved and evolve under purifying selection, and are thus maintained in their genome.
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Keywords
Deep-sea virome , Natural selection , Auxiliary metabolic gene , Cytitidyltransferase , Ribonucleotide reductase
Citation
Castelán-Sánchez, H.G., Lopéz-Rosas, I., García-Suastegui, W.A., Peralta, R., Dobson, A.D., Batista-García, R.A. and Dávila-Ramos, S., 2019. Extremophile deep-sea viral communities from hydrothermal vents: Structural and functional analysis. Marine genomics. (13pp). DOI:10.1016/j.margen.2019.03.001