Optimisation of Smart Grid performance using centralised and distributed control techniques
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Date
2012-02-20
Authors
McNamara, Paul
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Publisher
University College Cork
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Abstract
A massive change is currently taking place in the manner in which power networks
are operated. Traditionally, power networks consisted of large power stations which
were controlled from centralised locations. The trend in modern power networks is for
generated power to be produced by a diverse array of energy sources which are spread
over a large geographical area. As a result, controlling these systems from a
centralised controller is impractical. Thus, future power networks will be controlled
by a large number of intelligent distributed controllers which must work together to
coordinate their actions. The term Smart Grid is the umbrella term used to denote this
combination of power systems, artificial intelligence, and communications
engineering.
This thesis focuses on the application of optimal control techniques to Smart Grids
with a focus in particular on iterative distributed MPC. A novel convergence and
stability proof for iterative distributed MPC based on the Alternating Direction
Method of Multipliers is derived. Distributed and centralised MPC, and an optimised
PID controllers' performance are then compared when applied to a highly
interconnected, nonlinear, MIMO testbed based on a part of the Nordic power grid.
Finally, a novel tuning algorithm is proposed for iterative distributed MPC which
simultaneously optimises both the closed loop performance and the communication
overhead associated with the desired control.
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Keywords
Distributed model predictive control , Control , Smart grids , Multi-agent , Power systems
Citation
McNamara, P., 2012. Optimisation of Smart Grid performance using centralised and distributed control techniques. PhD Thesis, University College Cork.