Evaluating the surface chemistry of black phosphorus during ambient degradation

dc.contributor.authorvan Druenen, Maart
dc.contributor.authorDavitt, Fionán
dc.contributor.authorCollins, Timothy W.
dc.contributor.authorGlynn, Colm
dc.contributor.authorO'Dwyer, Colm
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Justin D.
dc.contributor.authorCollins, Gillian
dc.contributor.funderIrish Research Councilen
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-22T12:12:18Z
dc.date.available2019-01-22T12:12:18Z
dc.date.issued2019-01-14
dc.date.updated2019-01-22T11:58:09Z
dc.description.abstractBlack Phosphorus (BP) is emerging as a promising candidate for electronic, optical and energy storage applications, however its poor ambient stability remains a critical challenge. Evaluation of few-layer liquid exfoliated BP during ambient exposure using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) allows its surface chemistry to be investigated. Oxidation of liquid exfoliated few-layer BP initially occurs through non-bridged oxide species, which convert to bridged oxide species after ambient exposure. We demonstrate the instability of these bridged oxide species which undergo hydrolysis to form volatile phosphorus oxides and evaporate from the BP surface. FTIR spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to confirm the formation of liquid oxides through a continuous oxidation cycle that results in the decomposition of BP. Furthermore, we show that the instability of few-layer BP originates from the formation of bridged oxide species.en
dc.description.sponsorshipIrish Research Council (Government of Ireland Postgraduate Scholarship Programme - grant number GOIPG/2015/2933)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationvan Druenen, M., Davitt, F., Collins, T., Glynn, C., O’Dwyer, C., Holmes, J. D. and Collins, G. (2019) 'Evaluating the Surface Chemistry of Black Phosphorus during Ambient Degradation', Langmuir, 35(6), pp. 2172-2178. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04190en
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04190
dc.identifier.endpage2178
dc.identifier.issn0743-7463
dc.identifier.issn1520-5827
dc.identifier.journaltitleLangmuiren
dc.identifier.startpage2172
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/7340
dc.identifier.volume35
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Research Centres/12/RC/2278/IE/Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER)/en
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Technology and Innovation Development Award (TIDA)/15/TIDA/2893/IE/Advanced Battery Materials for High Volumetric Energy Density Li-ion Batteries for Remote Off-Grid Power/en
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Investigator Programme/14/IA/2581/IE/Diffractive optics and photonic probes for efficient mouldable 3D printed battery skin materials for portable electronic devices/en
dc.relation.urihttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04190en
dc.rights© 2019, American Chemical Society. This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Langmuir, © American Chemical Society, after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04190en
dc.subjectBlack phosphorusen
dc.subject2D materialsen
dc.subjectPhosphoreneen
dc.subjectAmbient stabilityen
dc.subjectDegradationen
dc.subjectOxidationen
dc.subjectX-ray photoelectron spectroscopyen
dc.subjectFourier transform infrared spectroscopyen
dc.titleEvaluating the surface chemistry of black phosphorus during ambient degradationen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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