Deciphering the complex interplay between pancreatic cancer, diabetes mellitus subtypes and obesity/BMI through causal inference and mediation analyses
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Accepted Version
Date
2020-05-14
Authors
Molina-Montes, Esther
Coscia, Claudia
Gómez-Rubio, Paulina
Fernández, Alba
Boenink, Rianne
Rava, Marta
Márquez, Mirari
Molero, Xavier
Löhr, Matthias
Sharp, Linda
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Published Version
Abstract
Objectives: To characterise the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subtypes (new-onset T2DM (NODM) or long-standing T2DM (LSDM)) and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk, to explore the direction of causation through Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis and to assess the mediation role of body mass index (BMI). Design: Information about T2DM and related factors was collected from 2018 PC cases and 1540 controls from the PanGenEU (European Study into Digestive Illnesses and Genetics) study. A subset of PC cases and controls had glycated haemoglobin, C-peptide and genotype data. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to derive ORs and 95% CIs. T2DM and PC-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were used as instrumental variables (IVs) in bidirectional MR analysis to test for two-way causal associations between PC, NODM and LSDM. Indirect and direct effects of the BMI-T2DM-PC association were further explored using mediation analysis. Results: T2DM was associated with an increased PC risk when compared with non-T2DM (OR=2.50; 95% CI: 2.05 to 3.05), the risk being greater for NODM (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 4.18 to 9.78) and insulin users (OR=3.69; 95% CI: 2.80 to 4.86). The causal association between T2DM (57-SNP IV) and PC was not statistically significant (ORLSDM=1.08, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.29, ORNODM=1.06, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.17). In contrast, there was a causal association between PC (40-SNP IV) and NODM (OR=2.85; 95% CI: 2.04 to 3.98), although genetic pleiotropy was present (MR-Egger: p value=0.03). Potential mediating effects of BMI (125-SNPs as IV), particularly in terms of weight loss, were evidenced on the NODM-PC association (indirect effect for BMI in previous years=0.55). Conclusion: Findings of this study do not support a causal effect of LSDM on PC, but suggest that PC causes NODM. The interplay between obesity, PC and T2DM is complex.
Description
Keywords
Pancreatic cancer risk , Diabetes mellitus type 2 , Obesity , Case-control , Causal inference , Mendelian randomization analysis
Citation
Molina-Montes, E., Coscia, C., Gómez-Rubio, P., Fernández, A., Boenink, R., Rava, M., Márquez, M., Molero, X., Löhr, M., Sharp, L. and Michalski, C. W.,
Farré, A., Perea, J., O’Rorke, M., Greenhalf, W., Iglesias, M., Tardón, A., Gress, T. M., Barberá, V. M., Crnogorac-Jurcevic, V. M., Muñoz-Bellvís, L., Dominguez-Muñoz, J. Enrique, Renz, H., Balcells, J., Costello, E., Ilzarbe, L., Kleeff, J., Kong, B., Mora, J., O’Driscoll, D., Poves, I., Scarpa, A., Yu, J., Hidalgo, M., Lawlor, R. T., Ye, W., Carrato, A., Real, F. X. and Malats, N. (2020) 'Deciphering the complex interplay between pancreatic cancer, diabetes mellitus subtypes and obesity/BMI through causal inference and mediation analyses', Gut, 70(2), pp.319-329. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319990