Seasonal and predator-prey effects on circadian activity of free-ranging mammals revealed by camera traps

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dc.contributor.authorCaravaggi, Anthony
dc.contributor.authorGatta, Maria
dc.contributor.authorVallely, Marie-Claire
dc.contributor.authorHogg, Kayleigh
dc.contributor.authorFreeman, Marianne
dc.contributor.authorFadaei, Erfan
dc.contributor.authorDick, Jaimie T. A.
dc.contributor.authorMontgomery, W. Ian
dc.contributor.authorReid, Neil
dc.contributor.authorTosh, David G.
dc.contributor.funderNatural Heritage Research Partnership (NHRP)en
dc.contributor.funderNorthern Ireland Environment Agencyen
dc.contributor.funderPeople’s Trust for Endangered Species (PTES)en
dc.contributor.funderDepartment of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairsen
dc.contributor.funderDepartment for the Economy (DfE)en
dc.contributor.funderQueen's University Belfasten
dc.date.accessioned2019-06-26T15:57:49Z
dc.date.available2019-06-26T15:57:49Z
dc.date.issued2018-11-21
dc.description.abstractEndogenous circadian and seasonal activity patterns are adapted to facilitate effective utilisation of environmental resources. Activity patterns are shaped by physiological constraints, evolutionary history, circadian and seasonal changes and may be influenced by other factors, including ecological competition and interspecific interactions. Remote-sensing camera traps allow the collection of species presence data throughout the 24 h period and for almost indefinite lengths of time. Here, we collate data from 10 separate camera trap surveys in order to describe circadian and seasonal activity patterns of 10 mammal species, and, in particular, to evaluate interspecific (dis)associations of five predator-prey pairs. We recorded 8,761 independent detections throughout Northern Ireland. Badgers, foxes, pine martens and wood mice were nocturnal; European and Irish hares and European rabbits were crepuscular; fallow deer and grey and red squirrels were diurnal. All species exhibited significant seasonal variation in activity relative to the timing of sunrise/sunset. Foxes in particular were more crepuscular from spring to autumn and hares more diurnal. Lagged regression analyses of predator-prey activity patterns between foxes and prey (hares, rabbits and wood mice), and pine marten and prey (squirrel and wood mice) revealed significant annual and seasonal cross-correlations. We found synchronised activity patterns between foxes and hares, rabbits and wood mice and pine marten and wood mice, and asynchrony between squirrels and pine martens. Here, we provide fundamental ecological data on endemic, invasive, pest and commercially valuable species in Ireland, as well as those of conservation importance and those that could harbour diseases of economic and/or zoonotic relevance. Our data will be valuable in informing the development of appropriate species-specific methodologies and processes and associated policies.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNorthern Ireland Environment Agency’s Natural Heritage Research Partnership (Northern Ireland Challenge Fund)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleide5827en
dc.identifier.citationCaravaggi, A., Gatta, M., Vallely, M.C., Hogg, K., Freeman, M., Fadaei, E., Dick, J.T., Montgomery, W.I., Reid, N. and Tosh, D.G., 2018. Seasonal and predator-prey effects on circadian activity of free-ranging mammals revealed by camera traps. PeerJ, 6: e5827 (27 pp.) DOI:10.7717/peerj.5827en
dc.identifier.doi10.7717/peerj.5827en
dc.identifier.eissn2167-8359
dc.identifier.endpage27en
dc.identifier.journaltitlePeerJen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/8104
dc.identifier.volume6en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPeerJen
dc.relation.urihttps://peerj.com/articles/5827/
dc.rights© 2018 Caravaggi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectTemporal co-occurrenceen
dc.subjectMammal speciesen
dc.subjectCircadian activityen
dc.subjectCamera trapsen
dc.subjectCitizen scienceen
dc.subjectSeasonalityen
dc.subjectWildlifeen
dc.titleSeasonal and predator-prey effects on circadian activity of free-ranging mammals revealed by camera trapsen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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