Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment

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dc.contributor.authorFerguson, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorReed, Thomas E.
dc.contributor.authorCross, Tom F.
dc.contributor.authorMcGinnity, Philip
dc.contributor.authorProdöhl, Paulo A.
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Research Councilen
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderMarine Instituteen
dc.contributor.funderInland Fisheries Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderEnvironmental Protection Agencyen
dc.contributor.funderHorizon 2020
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-29T08:21:16Z
dc.date.available2019-07-29T08:21:16Z
dc.date.issued2019-05-10
dc.date.updated2019-05-27T10:19:17Z
dc.description.abstractBrown trout Salmo trutta is endemic to Europe, western Asia, north‐western Africa and is a prominent member of freshwater and coastal marine fish faunas. The species shows two resident (river‐resident, lake‐resident) and three main facultative migratory life histories (downstream–upstream within a river system, fluvial–adfluvial potamodromous; to and from a lake, lacustrine–adfluvial (inlet)–allucustrine (outlet) potamodromous; to and from the sea, anadromous). River‐residency v. migration is a balance between enhanced feeding and thus growth advantages of migration to a particular habitat v. the costs of potentially greater mortality and energy expenditure. Fluvial–adfluvial migration usually has less feeding improvement, but less mortality risk, than lacustrine–adfluvial–allacustrine and anadromous, but the latter vary among catchments as to which is favoured. Indirect evidence suggests that around 50% of the variability in S. trutta migration v. residency, among individuals within a population, is due to genetic variance. This dichotomous decision can best be explained by the threshold‐trait model of quantitative genetics. Thus, an individual's physiological condition (e.g., energy status) as regulated by environmental factors, genes and non‐genetic parental effects, acts as the cue. The magnitude of this cue relative to a genetically predetermined individual threshold, governs whether it will migrate or sexually mature as a river‐resident. This decision threshold occurs early in life and, if the choice is to migrate, a second threshold probably follows determining the age and timing of migration. Migration destination (mainstem river, lake, or sea) also appears to be genetically programmed. Decisions to migrate and ultimate destination result in a number of subsequent consequential changes such as parr–smolt transformation, sexual maturity and return migration. Strong associations with one or a few genes have been found for most aspects of the migratory syndrome and indirect evidence supports genetic involvement in all parts. Thus, migratory and resident life histories potentially evolve as a result of natural and anthropogenic environmental changes, which alter relative survival and reproduction. Knowledge of genetic determinants of the various components of migration in S. trutta lags substantially behind that of Oncorhynchus mykiss and other salmonids. Identification of genetic markers linked to migration components and especially to the migration–residency decision, is a prerequisite for facilitating detailed empirical studies. In order to predict effectively, through modelling, the effects of environmental changes, quantification of the relative fitness of different migratory traits and of their heritabilities, across a range of environmental conditions, is also urgently required in the face of the increasing pace of such changes.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Research Council (639192-ALH); Science Foundation Ireland (ERC Support Programme; 15/IA/3028; 16/BBSRC/3316); Marine Institute (RESPI/FS/16/01)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationFerguson, A., Reed, T. E., Cross, T. F., McGinnity, P. and Prodöhl, P. A. (2019) 'Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment', Journal of Fish Biology, 2019, pp. 1-27. doi: 10.1111/jfb.14005en
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/jfb.14005en
dc.identifier.eissn1095-8649
dc.identifier.endpage27en
dc.identifier.issn0022-1112
dc.identifier.journaltitleJournal of Fish Biologyen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/8256
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.en
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Investigator Programme/15/IA/3028/IE/Wild farmed interactions in a changing world: formulation of a predictive methodology to inform environmental best practice to secure long-term sustainability of global wild and farm fish populations/en
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020::ERC::ERC-STG/639192/EU/Alternative life histories: linking genes to phenotypes to demography/ALH
dc.rights© 2019, the Authors. Journal of Fish Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Fisheries Society of the British Isles. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectAllacustrineen
dc.subjectFluvial-adfluvialen
dc.subjectLacustrine-adfluvialen
dc.subjectPhysiological conditionen
dc.subjectThreshold traiten
dc.titleAnadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environmenten
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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