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Associations between ideal cardiovascular health metrics and lipoprotein subclasses and atherogenic indices: A cross-sectional study of middle-to older-aged adults
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Date
2025-10-14
Authors
Luong, Duong T.
Millar, Seán R.
Otvos, James D.
Perry, Ivan J.
Phillips, Catherine M.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
Published Version
Abstract
Background and aims: The American Heart Association ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) score aims, through positive health promotion, to improve cardiovascular health. Lipoprotein particles and atherogenic indices can provide better cardiovascular disease risk prediction than traditional lipid measures. Yet, ideal CVH score associations with intermediate disease markers remains under-researched. This study addressed this gap by investigating CVH score relationships with lipoprotein particle subclass concentrations and atherogenic risk indices. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1216 middle-to older-aged men and women randomly selected from a large primary care centre. Individual participant CVH metrics (smoking, BMI, physical activity, diet, blood pressure, blood glucose and cholesterol) were derived from validated questionnaires, clinical assessment and biochemistry tests. Lipoprotein particle subclass concentrations and size were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Atherogenic risk indices were derived from lipid/lipoprotein measures. Linear regression analyses examined CVH score associations with lipoprotein biomarkers and atherogenic indices. Results:
In fully adjusted models, higher scores were associated with smaller VLDL and larger LDL and HDL particle size, less large and medium VLDL, total LDL and small LDL particles, more large HDL particles, and lower lipoprotein-related insulin resistance and atherogenic risk index scores. In models which examined these variable associations across CVH score quintiles, significant dose-response relationships were observed (p trend <0.001 for all). Conclusions: Higher CVH scores were associated with more favourable lipoprotein subclass concentrations and atherogenic risk profiles, highlighting the score’s potential usefulness as a tool for assessing atherogenic risk and the importance of improving overall cardiovascular health.
Description
Keywords
American Heart Association , Cardiovascular health , Lipoproteins , Particles , Subclasses
Citation
Luong, D. T., Millar, S. R., Otvos, J. D., Perry, I. J. and Phillips, C. M. (2025) 'Associations between ideal cardiovascular health metrics and lipoprotein subclasses and atherogenic indices: A cross-sectional study of middle-to older-aged adults', Atherosclerosis, 410, 120543 (10pp). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120543