Power modeling of the O-RAN O-RU & application of advanced sleep modes for enhanced energy efficiency
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Date
2025-05-05
Authors
Usman, Muhammad
Sreenan, Cormac J.
Dryjanski, Marcin
O'Driscoll, Aisling
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published Version
Abstract
Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) enhance RAN flexibility, interoperability, and intelligence by introducing open interfaces, disaggregation of RAN components, and data-driven control. This flexibility has the potential to significantly reduce capital and operating expenses (CAPEX/OPEX) by en-hancing efficiencies in network energy consumption. Advanced Sleep Modes (ASMs) are an advantageous energy-saving technique for 5G base stations (BS), with a set of sleep depths that progressively deactivate different RAN components. The deploy-ment and effectiveness of ASMs in O-RAN raises a number of challenges that have yet to be investigated. This paper surveys and critically reviews RAN ASMs, as well as other energy-enhancing techniques applied in O-RAN. It presents the first granular, per-component O-RAN Radio Unit (O-RU) power model, that will enable researchers to quantify the power savings gained from deploying ASMs. A calculation of the energy savings achieved at each ASM level per O-RU component for different 3GPP functional splits is provided. The power consumption of O-RU sub-components for functional splits 6, 7.2x, and 8 is shown. The default 3GPP functional split 7.2x as adopted by O-RAN shows that substantial power savings can be achieved by applying ASMs to the O-RU, achieving a minimum of 80% savings depending on the choice of SM as compared to power consumption at full load. Finally, a discussion of the open research challenges and opportunities in deploying ASMs in O-RAN is provided.
Description
Keywords
Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) , O-RAN Radio Unit (O-RU) , Advanced Sleep Modes (ASMs) , Power model , Energy efficiency
Citation
Usman, M.Q., Sreenan, C.J., Dryjanski, M. and O’Driscoll, A. (2025) ‘Power modeling of the O-RAN O-RU & application of advanced sleep modes for enhanced energy efficiency’, 2025 IEEE 22nd Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 10-13 January 2025, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC54725.2025.10975933