Power modeling of the O-RAN O-RU & application of advanced sleep modes for enhanced energy efficiency

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dc.contributor.authorUsman, Muhammaden
dc.contributor.authorSreenan, Cormac J.en
dc.contributor.authorDryjanski, Marcinen
dc.contributor.authorO'Driscoll, Aislingen
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-26T10:57:10Z
dc.date.available2025-11-26T10:57:10Z
dc.date.issued2025-05-05en
dc.description.abstractOpen Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) enhance RAN flexibility, interoperability, and intelligence by introducing open interfaces, disaggregation of RAN components, and data-driven control. This flexibility has the potential to significantly reduce capital and operating expenses (CAPEX/OPEX) by en-hancing efficiencies in network energy consumption. Advanced Sleep Modes (ASMs) are an advantageous energy-saving technique for 5G base stations (BS), with a set of sleep depths that progressively deactivate different RAN components. The deploy-ment and effectiveness of ASMs in O-RAN raises a number of challenges that have yet to be investigated. This paper surveys and critically reviews RAN ASMs, as well as other energy-enhancing techniques applied in O-RAN. It presents the first granular, per-component O-RAN Radio Unit (O-RU) power model, that will enable researchers to quantify the power savings gained from deploying ASMs. A calculation of the energy savings achieved at each ASM level per O-RU component for different 3GPP functional splits is provided. The power consumption of O-RU sub-components for functional splits 6, 7.2x, and 8 is shown. The default 3GPP functional split 7.2x as adopted by O-RAN shows that substantial power savings can be achieved by applying ASMs to the O-RU, achieving a minimum of 80% savings depending on the choice of SM as compared to power consumption at full load. Finally, a discussion of the open research challenges and opportunities in deploying ASMs in O-RAN is provided.en
dc.description.sponsorshipScience Foundation Ireland (Grant No. SFI 18/CRT/6222)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationUsman, M.Q., Sreenan, C.J., Dryjanski, M. and O’Driscoll, A. (2025) ‘Power modeling of the O-RAN O-RU & application of advanced sleep modes for enhanced energy efficiency’, 2025 IEEE 22nd Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 10-13 January 2025, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC54725.2025.10975933en
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/CCNC54725.2025.10975933en
dc.identifier.issn2331-9860en
dc.identifier.issued1en
dc.identifier.journaltitle2025 IEEE 22nd Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)en
dc.identifier.startpage8en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/18279
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)en
dc.rights© 2024, IEEE. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectOpen Radio Access Network (O-RAN)en
dc.subjectO-RAN Radio Unit (O-RU)en
dc.subjectAdvanced Sleep Modes (ASMs)en
dc.subjectPower modelen
dc.subjectEnergy efficiencyen
dc.titlePower modeling of the O-RAN O-RU & application of advanced sleep modes for enhanced energy efficiencyen
dc.typeConference itemen
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