dc.contributor.author	Didelot, Xavier
dc.contributor.author	Pang, Bo
dc.contributor.author	Zhou, Zhemin
dc.contributor.author	McCann, Angela
dc.contributor.author	Ni, Peixiang
dc.contributor.author	Li, Dongfang
dc.contributor.author	Achtman, Mark
dc.contributor.author	Kan, Biao
dc.contributor.funder	National Science and Technology Major Project on Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, China
dc.contributor.funder	National Basic Research Priorities Program, China
dc.contributor.funder	Science Foundation Ireland
dc.contributor.funder	Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
dc.contributor.funder	National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom
dc.date.accessioned	2016-02-17T11:43:37Z
dc.date.available	2016-02-17T11:43:37Z
dc.date.issued	2015
dc.description.abstract	Epidemics and pandemics of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease, have occurred since the early 19th century and waves of epidemic disease continue today. Cholera epidemics are caused by individual, genetically monomorphic lineages of Vibrio cholerae: the ongoing seventh pandemic, which has spread globally since 1961, is associated with lineage L2 of biotype El Tor. Previous genomic studies of the epidemiology of the seventh pandemic identified three successive sub-lineages within L2, designated waves 1 to 3, which spread globally from the Bay of Bengal on multiple occasions. However, these studies did not include samples from China, which also experienced multiple epidemics of cholera in recent decades. We sequenced the genomes of 71 strains isolated in China between 1961 and 2010, as well as eight from other sources, and compared them with 181 published genomes. The results indicated that outbreaks in China between 1960 and 1990 were associated with wave 1 whereas later outbreaks were associated with wave 2. However, the previously defined waves overlapped temporally, and are an inadequate representation of the shape of the global genealogy. We therefore suggest replacing them by a series of tightly delineated clades. Between 1960 and 1990 multiple such clades were imported into China, underwent further microevolution there and then spread to other countries. China was thus both a sink and source during the pandemic spread of V. cholerae, and needs to be included in reconstructions of the global patterns of spread of cholera.	en
dc.description.sponsorship	Chinese National Science and Technology Major Project on Infectious Disease Control and Prevention (2008ZX10004-008, 2012ZX10004-215); National Basic Research Priorities Program of China (2009CB522604); Science Foundation Ireland (05/FE1/B882); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom (BB/L020319/1); National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom (Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling Methodology)	en
dc.description.status	Peer reviewed	en
dc.description.version	Published Version	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en
dc.identifier.articleid	e1005072
dc.identifier.citation	Didelot X, Pang B, Zhou Z, McCann A, Ni P, Li D, et al. (2015) The Role of China in the Global Spread of the Current Cholera Pandemic. PLoS Genet 11(3): e1005072. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005072
dc.identifier.doi	10.1371/journal.pgen.1005072
dc.identifier.issn	1553-7390
dc.identifier.issued	3	en
dc.identifier.journaltitle	PLOS GENETICS	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10468/2316
dc.identifier.volume	11	en
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.publisher	Public Library of Science	en
dc.rights	© 2015 Didelot et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited	en
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	en
dc.subject	High mutation rates	en
dc.subject	Vibrio cholerae	en
dc.subject	Escherichia coli	en
dc.subject	Comparative genomics	en
dc.subject	Evolution	en
dc.subject	Outbreak	en
dc.subject	Sequence	en
dc.subject	Identification	en
dc.subject	Transmission	en
dc.subject	Frequencies	en
dc.title	The role of China in the global spread of the current cholera pandemic	en
dc.type	Article (peer-reviewed)	en

The role of China in the global spread of the current cholera pandemic

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