Whole-body metabolic modelling and its prospects in precision nutrition

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dc.contributor.authorNap, Bramen
dc.contributor.authorThinnes, Cyrilleen
dc.contributor.authorThiele, Inesen
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Research Councilen
dc.contributor.funderHorizon 2020en
dc.contributor.funderResearch Irelanden
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-28T15:14:48Z
dc.date.available2026-09-28T15:14:48Z
dc.date.issued2026-05-21en
dc.description.abstractAbstract: Nutrition has long been investigated with respect to its influence on human health. With the availability of various omics data, such as metagenomics and metabolomics, novel insights have been obtained into the influence of nutrition, particularly concerning the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays an important role in the breakdown of food-derived compounds and in producing essential bioactive metabolites required for human health. However, this wealth of information made the interactions between nutrition and human health increasingly intricate, and unravelling these links is complex. This review covers the concepts of genome-scale metabolic modelling as a tool to understand the links between nutrition, the gut microbiome and human metabolism and its applications. Genome-scale metabolic modelling treats metabolism as a mathematical problem which was used to develop models of human metabolism that incorporate physiology and organ-specific metabolism, known as whole-body metabolic models (WBMs). WBMs can incorporate physiological data, such as sex, weight and body fat percentage, as well as nutrition in the form of its metabolite constituents. Finally, the gut microbiome can also be incorporated through a mathematical representation of the species present, based on stool metagenomics. WBMs have already been applied to understand gut microbiome–host co-metabolism in various non-communicable diseases. However, challenges remain, as metabolites measured in food items in public databases typically cover only common metabolites, and engagement with end-users such as nutritionists and policymakers is limited. Nevertheless, WBMs represent a promising step towards digital metabolic twins and thus personalised nutrition and medicine.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Research Council (ERC)|101125633|Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme; Science Foundation Ireland|12/RC/2273-P2; Taighde Éireann – Research Ireland|21/RC/10303_P2|VistaMilken
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleidS0029665126103061en
dc.identifier.citationNap, B. Thinnes, C. and Thiele, I. (2026) ‘Whole-body metabolic modelling and its prospects in precision nutrition’, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, (6pp). https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/wholebody-metabolic-modelling-and-its-prospects-in-precision-nutrition/DCEBB09123BD1AE96295043798B30D32en
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/s0029665126103061en
dc.identifier.endpage6en
dc.identifier.issn0029-6651en
dc.identifier.issn1475-2719en
dc.identifier.journaltitleProceedings of the Nutrition Societyen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/19349
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherCambridge University Press (CUP)en
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/Research Centres Programme::Phase 2/21/RC/10303_P2/IE/VistaMilk Phase II/en
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE::ERC::HORIZON-ERC/101125633/EU/Enabling personalised diagnosis, treatment, and stratification through whole-body metabolic modelling of an individual’s genome, metabolome, and metagenome./AVATARen
dc.rights© 2026, the authors. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectMetabolismen
dc.subjectMetabolic modellingen
dc.subjectPersonalised nutritionen
dc.subjectGut microbiomeen
dc.subject[APCMicrobiome]en
dc.titleWhole-body metabolic modelling and its prospects in precision nutritionen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
dc.typejournal-articleen
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