Ruapehu and Tongariro stratovolcanoes: a review of current understanding

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dc.contributor.authorLeonard, Graham S.
dc.contributor.authorCole, Rosie P.
dc.contributor.authorChristenson, Bruce W.
dc.contributor.authorConway, Chris E.
dc.contributor.authorCronin, Shane J.
dc.contributor.authorGamble, John A.
dc.contributor.authorHurst, Tony
dc.contributor.authorKennedy, Ben M.
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Craig A.
dc.contributor.authorProcter, Jonathan N.
dc.contributor.authorPure, Leo R.
dc.contributor.authorTownsend, Dougal B.
dc.contributor.authorWhite, James D. L.
dc.contributor.authorWilson, Colin J. N.
dc.contributor.funderGNS Science Operations, New Zealanden
dc.contributor.funderResilience to Nature’s Challenges, New Zealanden
dc.contributor.funderMinistry for Business Innovation and Employmenten
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-07T14:48:16Z
dc.date.available2021-05-07T14:48:16Z
dc.date.issued2021-05-02
dc.date.updated2021-05-07T14:26:29Z
dc.description.abstractRuapehu (150 km3 cone, 150 km3 ring-plain) and Tongariro (90 km3 cone, 60 km3 ring-plain) are iconic stratovolcanoes, formed since ∼230 and ∼350 ka, respectively, in the southern Taupo Volcanic Zone and Taupo Rift. These volcanoes rest on Mesozoic metasedimentary basement with local intervening Miocene sediments. Both volcanoes have complex growth histories, closely linked to the presence or absence of glacial ice that controlled the distribution and preservation of lavas. Ruapehu cone-building vents are focused into a short NNE-separated pair, whereas Tongariro vents are more widely distributed along that trend, the differences reflecting local rifting rates and faulting intensities. Both volcanoes have erupted basaltic andesite to dacite (53–66 wt.% silica), but mostly plagioclase-two pyroxene andesites from storage zones at 5–10 km depth. Erupted compositions contain evidence for magma mixing and interaction with basement rocks. Each volcano has an independent magmatic system and a growth history related to long-term (>104 years) cycles of mantle-derived magma supply, unrelated to glacial/interglacial cycles. Historic eruptions at both volcanoes are compositionally diverse, reflecting small, dispersed magma sources. Both volcanoes often show signs of volcanic unrest and have erupted with a wide range of styles and associated hazards, most recently in 2007 (Ruapehu) and 2012 (Tongariro).en
dc.description.sponsorshipGNS Science Operations, New Zealand (GNS Science MBIE-funded Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) and its predecessors); Resilience to Nature’s Challenges, New Zealand (National Science Challenge); Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment, New Zealand (MBIE-funded Natural Hazard Research Platform)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationLeonard, G. S., Cole, R. P., Christenson, B. W., Conway, C. E., Cronin, S. J., Gamble, J. A., Hurst, T., Kennedy, B. M., Miller, C. A., Procter, J. N., Pure, L. R., Townsend, D. B., White, J. D. L. and Wilson, C. J. N. (2021) 'Ruapehu and Tongariro stratovolcanoes: a review of current understanding', New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, (32 pp). doi: 10.1080/00288306.2021.1909080en
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/00288306.2021.1909080en
dc.identifier.endpage32en
dc.identifier.issn0028-8306
dc.identifier.journaltitleNew Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysicsen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/11258
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francisen
dc.relation.urihttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00288306.2021.1909080
dc.rights© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectStratovolcanoen
dc.subjectRuapehuen
dc.subjectTongariroen
dc.subjectEruptionen
dc.subjectAndesiteen
dc.subjectMagma systemen
dc.subjectLaharen
dc.subjectSector collapseen
dc.subjectStructureen
dc.subjectFaultingen
dc.subjectNgāuruhoeen
dc.titleRuapehu and Tongariro stratovolcanoes: a review of current understandingen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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