Analog mixed signal IC design for magnetic tracking in surgery: low area clocking for CT∆ΣM ADCs for in-vivo sensing

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dc.check.date2025-12-31
dc.contributor.advisorCantillon-Murphy, Padraig
dc.contributor.advisorO'Hare, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorFerro, Alessandro
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-30T15:09:50Z
dc.date.available2024-09-30T15:09:50Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.submitted2024
dc.description.abstractThe application for this work is an in-vivo sensor system for capturing magnetic signals used for tracking surgical instruments such as catheters in the body during minimally invasive surgical procedures. With the ascent of image-guided interventions, the precision in determining instrument pose has become paramount. The proposed system leverages low-frequency electromagnetic fields for magnetic tracking, ensuring non-ionising, line-of-sight-free measurements with millimetre-scale accuracy. The miniaturisation demands of electromagnetic sensors, crucial to this endeavour, necessitate dimensions less than 0.5 mm in diameter, with the entire system fitting within an area of 1 mm x 0.5 mm. Continuous Time Delta Sigma (CT∆ΣM) ADCs emerge as a promising solution given their power efficiency and reduced requirements on peripheral circuits. These ADCs boast advantages like built-in anti-alias filtering and simplified input buffer requirements. However, their susceptibility to clock jitter, especially in single-bit versions, presents challenges. This research introduces an original MATLAB and Simulink model for the CT∆ΣM. The model initially accounted for clock jitter employing a white noise spectrum. However, subsequent analysis unearthed a profound limitation: while FIR filters within the CT∆ΣM reduced periodic jitter’s impact, they were vulnerable to non-white noise spectrums. Although present in CT∆ΣM literature, this significant observation was previously uncharted for the signal bandwidth applications akin to this work. To address this, the research delves into creating a comprehensive Phase noise spectrum model using MATLAB. This model elucidates the profound limitations imposed on the ADC’s in-band noise by the clock source’s phase noise spectrum, a revelation that reshaped our understanding of the CT∆ΣM’s constraints. Originally, a detailed schematic design for the clock source was undertaken with the primary objective of optimising area and power consumption, relying on a Resistor Capacitor based clock source for the Frequency-Locked Loop (FLL). The prevalent belief was that the typical phase noise spectrum of clock sources would have a negligible influence on the CT∆ΣM ADC. However, post-chip measurement analysis dispelled this notion. This research discovered that the clock source’s phase noise spectrum profoundly affected the CT∆ΣM ADC’s performance, highlighting an overlooked yet critical interplay.
dc.description.statusNot peer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationFerro, A. 2024. Analog mixed signal IC design for magnetic tracking in surgery: low area clocking for CT∆ΣM ADCs for in-vivo sensing. MSc Thesis, University College Cork.
dc.identifier.endpage180
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/16466
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherUniversity College Corken
dc.rights© 2024, Alessandro Ferro.
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
dc.subjectCTDSM
dc.subjectADC
dc.subjectFLL
dc.subjectPhase noise
dc.subjectCTDSM 2nd order model
dc.subjectNoise transfer function
dc.subjectVCO
dc.subjectCadence Virtuoso
dc.subjectPhase noise model
dc.subjectPhase noise in CTDSM
dc.subjectInternal clock
dc.subjectFIR DACs
dc.subjectPeriodic jitter
dc.subjectAbsolute jitter
dc.subjectJitter model
dc.subjectCTDSM with CIFF structure
dc.subjectSNR
dc.titleAnalog mixed signal IC design for magnetic tracking in surgery: low area clocking for CT∆ΣM ADCs for in-vivo sensing
dc.typeMasters thesis (Research)en
dc.type.qualificationlevelMastersen
dc.type.qualificationnameMSc - Master of Scienceen
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