Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans

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dc.contributor.authorMicaroni, Valerio
dc.contributor.authorStrano, Francesca
dc.contributor.authorMcAllen, Rob
dc.contributor.authorWoods, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorTurner, John
dc.contributor.authorHarman, Luke
dc.contributor.authorBell, James J.
dc.contributor.funderNational Parks and Wildlife Serviceen
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-18T12:35:33Z
dc.date.available2022-02-18T12:35:33Z
dc.date.issued2021-12-01
dc.description.abstractOcean deoxygenation is one of the major consequences of climate change. In coastal waters, this process can be exacerbated by eutrophication, which is contributing to an alarming increase in the so-called ‘dead zones’ globally. Despite its severity, the effect of reduced dissolved oxygen has only been studied for a very limited number of organisms, compared to other climate change impacts such as ocean acidification and warming. Here, we experimentally assessed the response of sponges to moderate and severe simulated hypoxic events. We ran three laboratory experiments on four species from two different temperate oceans (NE Atlantic and SW Pacific). Sponges were exposed to a total of five hypoxic treatments, with increasing severity (3.3, 1.6, 0.5, 0.4 and 0.13 mg O2 L−1, over 7–12-days). We found that sponges are generally very tolerant of hypoxia. All the sponges survived in the experimental conditions, except Polymastia crocea, which showed significant mortality at the lowest oxygen concentration (0.13 mg O2 L−1, lethal median time: 286 h). In all species except Suberites carnosus, hypoxic conditions do not significantly affect respiration rate down to 0.4 mg O2 L−1, showing that sponges can uptake oxygen at very low concentrations in the surrounding environment. Importantly, sponges displayed species-specific phenotypic modifications in response to the hypoxic treatments, including physiological, morphological and behavioural changes. This phenotypic plasticity likely represents an adaptive strategy to live in reduced or low oxygen water. Our results also show that a single sponge species (i.e., Suberites australiensis) can display different strategies at different oxygen concentrations. Compared to other sessile organisms, sponges generally showed higher tolerance to hypoxia, suggesting that sponges could be favoured and survive in future deoxygenated oceans.en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationMicaroni, V., Strano, F., McAllen, R., Woods, L., Turner J., Harman, L. and Bell, J. J. (2022) 'Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans', Global Change Biology, 28, pp. 1972-1989. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16013en
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/gcb.16013en
dc.identifier.eissn1365-2486
dc.identifier.endpage1989en
dc.identifier.journaltitleGlobal Change Biologyen
dc.identifier.startpage1972en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/12580
dc.identifier.volume28en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.en
dc.rights© 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Micaroni, V., Strano, F., McAllen, R., Woods, L., Turner J., Harman, L. and Bell, J. J. (2022) 'Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans', Global Change Biology, 28, pp. 1972-1989. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16013, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16013. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.en
dc.subjectClimate changeen
dc.subjectDead zonesen
dc.subjectEeutrophicationen
dc.subjectEvolutionen
dc.subjectHypoxic eventsen
dc.subjectMarine benthic hypoxiaen
dc.subjectOxygen depletionen
dc.subjectPhenotypic plasticityen
dc.subjectPoriferaen
dc.subjectSessile organismsen
dc.titleAdaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceansen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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