Flucloxacillin formulation odour acceptability: A human sensory assessment

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dc.contributor.authorElgammal, Ayaten
dc.contributor.authorSheehan, Lizen
dc.contributor.authorShine, Margareten
dc.contributor.authorMohamed, Redaen
dc.contributor.authorKilcawley, Kieranen
dc.contributor.authorSkibinska, Iwonaen
dc.contributor.authorBermingham, Margareten
dc.contributor.authorCrean, Abinaen
dc.contributor.funderResearch Irelanden
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-04T08:21:45Z
dc.date.available2025-04-04T08:21:45Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-13en
dc.description.abstractPalatability influences a medicine's acceptability. While medicine's taste and their acceptability have been explored, the relationship between a medicine's odour and its acceptability has received less attention. In this study, the odour acceptability of a range of oral flucloxacillin formulations was assessed by healthy adult volunteers. Flucloxacillin was chosen as it is reported to be malodourous and found to be poorly palatable by children. The odour of a commercial flucloxacillin solution and capsule formulation were rated as acceptable. The commercial solution odour was described as fruity, and aromatic, while the commercial capsule was described as odourless. An unformulated flucloxacillin solution and flucloxacillin minitablets were deemed to have an unacceptable odour described as pungent, musty, plastic, and rotten. The odour of flucloxacillin minitablets including silica was deemed as odourless and acceptable. The ability of silica to suppress flucloxacillin's malodour was attributed to its adsorption of malodourous volatile compounds. Malodourous volatile sulphur compounds, produced during flucloxacillin degradation, were identified by GC-MS in the headspace of an unformulated flucloxacillin solution. The volunteers' smell acuity was assessed and found to be normosmic or microsmic, except for one volunteer who was anosmic (odour blindness). While the odour assessments of normosmic and microsmic volunteers generally aligned, the anosmic volunteer's assessments were contrary to the general findings. This study highlights the ability of formulation to improve the odour acceptability of flucloxacillin, it demonstrates the capability of silica to suppress drug malodour, and determines the importance of volunteer smell acuity screening during medicine odour sensory studies.en
dc.description.sponsorshipTaighde Éireann–Research Ireland (Grant Number 12/RC/2275_P2)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleid106784
dc.identifier.citationElgammal, A., Sheehan, L., Shine, M., Mohamed, R., Kilcawley, K., Skibinska, I., Bermingham, M. and Crean, A. (2025) 'Flucloxacillin formulation odour acceptability: A human sensory assessment', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 107, 106784 (7pp). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106784en
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106784en
dc.identifier.endpage7en
dc.identifier.issn1773-2247en
dc.identifier.journaltitleJournal of Drug Delivery Science and Technologyen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/17233
dc.identifier.volume107en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.en
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Drug Delivery Science and Technologyen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Research Centres Programme::Phase 2/12/RC/2275_P2/IE/SSPC_Phase 2/en
dc.rights© 2025, the Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectAntibioticsen
dc.subjectPalatabilityen
dc.subjectAcceptabilityen
dc.subjectOdouren
dc.subjectSensoryen
dc.subjectFlucloxacillinen
dc.subjectSilicaen
dc.subjectMinitabletsen
dc.subjectFormulationsen
dc.subjectVolatile sulphur compoundsen
dc.subjectGas chromatography-mass spectrometryen
dc.titleFlucloxacillin formulation odour acceptability: A human sensory assessmenten
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
dc.typejournal-articleen
oaire.citation.volume107en
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