Vitamin D status of Irish adults: findings from the National Adult Nutrition Survey

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dc.contributor.authorCashman, Kevin D.
dc.contributor.authorMuldowney, Siobhan
dc.contributor.authorMcNulty, Breige A.
dc.contributor.authorNugent, Anne P.
dc.contributor.authorFitzgerald, Anthony P.
dc.contributor.authorKiely, Mairead E.
dc.contributor.authorWalton, Janette
dc.contributor.authorGibney, Michael J.
dc.contributor.authorFlynn, Albert
dc.contributor.funderDepartment of Agriculture, Food and the Marineen
dc.contributor.funderHealth Research Boarden
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-02T16:47:52Z
dc.date.available2017-03-02T16:47:52Z
dc.date.issued2012-08-12
dc.date.updated2017-03-02T16:42:01Z
dc.description.abstractPrevious national nutrition surveys in Irish adults did not include blood samples; thus, representative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) data are lacking. In the present study, we characterised serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Irish adults from the recent National Adult Nutrition Survey, and determined the impact of vitamin D supplement use and season on serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Of the total representative sample (n 1500, aged 18+ years), blood samples were available for 1132 adults. Serum 25(OH)D was measured via immunoassay. Vitamin D-containing supplement use was assessed by questionnaire and food diary. Concentrations of serum 25(OH)D were compared by season and in supplement users and non-users. Year-round prevalence rates for serum 25(OH)D concentration < 30, < 40, < 50 and < 75 nmol/l were 6·7, 21·9, 40·1 and 75·6 %, respectively (11·1, 31·1, 55·0 and 84·0 % in winter, respectively). Supplement users had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared to non-users. However, 7·5 % of users had winter serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l. Only 1·3 % had serum 25(OH)D concentrations >125 nmol/l. These first nationally representative serum 25(OH)D data for Irish adults show that while only 6·7 % had serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l (vitamin D deficiency) throughout the year, 40·1 % had levels considered by the Institute of Medicine as being inadequate for bone health. These prevalence estimates were much higher during winter time. While vitamin D supplement use has benefits in terms of vitamin D status, at present rates of usage (17·5 % of Irish adults), it will have only very limited impact at a population level. Food-based strategies, including fortified foods, need to be explored.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland and The Health Research Board (Joint Food for Health Research Initiative (2007–2))en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationCashman, K. D., Muldowney, S., McNulty, B., Nugent, A., FitzGerald, A. P., Kiely, M., Walton, J., Gibney, M. J. and Flynn, A. (2013) 'Vitamin D status of Irish adults: findings from the National Adult Nutrition Survey', British Journal of Nutrition, 109(7), pp. 1248-1256. doi:10.1017/S0007114512003212en
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/S0007114512003212
dc.identifier.endpage1256en
dc.identifier.issn0007-1145
dc.identifier.issued77en
dc.identifier.journaltitleBritish Journal of Nutritionen
dc.identifier.startpage1248en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/3735
dc.identifier.volume109en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherCambridge University Pressen
dc.rights© The Authors 2012. Published by Cambridge University Press (CUP) on behalf of The Nutrition Societyen
dc.subjectVitamin Den
dc.subjectSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin Den
dc.subjectNational nutrition surveysen
dc.subjectSupplementsen
dc.titleVitamin D status of Irish adults: findings from the National Adult Nutrition Surveyen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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