Simulating the interplay between the snowline pebble flux and ongoing planet formation and migration

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dc.contributor.authorAstrakhantsev, Danila
dc.contributor.authorKrijt, Sebastiaan
dc.contributor.authorSavvidou, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorBitsch, Bertram
dc.contributor.funderUniversity of Exeter
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-22T09:00:01Z
dc.date.available2026-05-22T09:00:01Z
dc.date.issued2026-05
dc.description.abstractPebble drift plays a central role in modern planet formation models. In this work we carry out planet formation simulations (including pebble accretion and migration) for a range of disc parameters to investigate (a) the impact of the snowline pebble mass flux on final planet orbits and masses, and (b) the back-reaction of growing and migrating planets on the snowline pebble fluxes in their natal discs. We find a strong correlation between the snowline pebble flux (at the time of protoplanet insertion) and the final planet mass. The correlation is continuous in discs with high turbulence levels ((Formula presented) ), but exhibits a step function at lower turbulence ((Formula presented) ), with giant planet formation requiring (initial) snowline pebble mass fluxes exceeding (Formula presented). We find qualitative agreement between pebble mass fluxes inferred for discs aged (Formula presented) and our planet-containing models, especially for larger discs ((Formula presented) 40 au), high (Formula presented) ((Formula presented) ), and low (Formula presented) ((Formula presented) ). Additionally, giant planets in high turbulence discs are found to perturb the snowline pebble flux only temporarily (for (Formula presented) ) due to them quickly growing and migrating across the snowline. Our simulations show that currently observed pebble fluxes can indeed be used to constrain planet formation simulations, emphasizing that planet formation via pebble accretion is broadly in agreement with the currently available constraints from disc evolution as provided by James Webb Space Telescope.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to thank Joe Williams for helpful suggestions and comments. DA would like to thank Scarlett Hutton, Caleb Ostler, and Alice Smith for their support and contributions during the MPhys project at the University of Exeter, from which this paper developed. The following Python packages were used for this study:matplotlib(J. D. Hunter2007),numpy(C. R. Harris et al.2020).
dc.description.versionPublished Version
dc.format.extent12
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.authororcidAstrakhantsev, Danila
dc.identifier.authororcidKrijt, Sebastiaan
dc.identifier.authororcidSavvidou, Sofia
dc.identifier.authororcidBitsch, Bertram§0000-0002-8868-7649
dc.identifier.citationAstrakhantsev, D, Krijt, S, Savvidou, S & Bitsch, B 2026, 'Simulating the interplay between the snowline pebble flux and ongoing planet formation and migration', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 548, no. 3, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag721
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/mnras/stag721
dc.identifier.endpage12
dc.identifier.issn0035-8711
dc.identifier.issued3
dc.identifier.journaltitleMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
dc.identifier.otherRIS: urn:0B89508BD45F974458EF8F96DC97E96A
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-8868-7649/work/215518217
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/18821
dc.identifier.volume548
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherOxford University Press
dc.relation.urihttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105037723348
dc.relation.urihttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105037723348?origin=resultslist
dc.rights© 2026, the Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons A t tribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
dc.rights.accessrightsopen access
dc.rights.licensenameAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.statusPeer reviewed
dc.subjectBack reaction
dc.subjectFormation model
dc.subjectFormation simulation
dc.subjectOrbits
dc.subjectPlanet formation
dc.subjectPlanet-disk interactions
dc.subjectPlanets
dc.subjectPlanets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stabilities
dc.subjectPlanets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
dc.subjectPlanets and satellites: formation
dc.subjectPlanet–disc interactions
dc.subjectProtoplanetary discs
dc.subjectProtoplanetary disks
dc.subjectSatellites
dc.subjectSnowline
dc.subjectSpace telescopes
dc.subjectStrong correlation
dc.subjectTurbulence
dc.subject[Physics]
dc.subjectprotoplanetary discs
dc.subjectplanets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
dc.subjectplanet–disc interactions
dc.subjectplanets and satellites: formation
dc.titleSimulating the interplay between the snowline pebble flux and ongoing planet formation and migrationen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)
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