The unprecedented 2017–2018 stratospheric smoke event: decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET

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dc.contributor.authorBaars, H.
dc.contributor.authorAnsmann, A.
dc.contributor.authorOhneiser, K.
dc.contributor.authorHaarig, M.
dc.contributor.authorEngelmann, R.
dc.contributor.authorAlthausen, D.
dc.contributor.authorHanssen, I.
dc.contributor.authorGausa, M.
dc.contributor.authorPietruczuk, A.
dc.contributor.authorSzkop, A.
dc.contributor.authorStachlewska, I. S.
dc.contributor.authorWang, D.
dc.contributor.authorReichhardt, J.
dc.contributor.authorSkupin, A.
dc.contributor.authorMattis, I.
dc.contributor.authorTrickl, T.
dc.contributor.authorVogelmann, H.
dc.contributor.authorNavas-Guzmán, F.
dc.contributor.authorHaefele, A.
dc.contributor.authorAcheson, K.
dc.contributor.authorRuth, Albert A.
dc.contributor.authorTatarov, B.
dc.contributor.authorMuller, D.
dc.contributor.authorHu, Q.
dc.contributor.authorPodvin, T.
dc.contributor.authorGoloub, P.
dc.contributor.authorVesselovski, I.
dc.contributor.authorPietras, C.
dc.contributor.authorHaeffelin, M.
dc.contributor.authorFreville, P.
dc.contributor.authorSicard, M.
dc.contributor.authorComerón, A.
dc.contributor.authorFernández García, A. J.
dc.contributor.authorMolero Menéndez, F.
dc.contributor.authorCórdoba-Jaboner, C.
dc.contributor.authorGuerrero-Rascado, J. L.
dc.contributor.authorAlados-Arboledas, L.
dc.contributor.authorBortoli, D.
dc.contributor.authorCosta, M. J.
dc.contributor.authorDionisi, D.
dc.contributor.authorLiberti, G. L.
dc.contributor.authorWang, X.
dc.contributor.authorSannino, A.
dc.contributor.authorPapagiannopoulos, N.
dc.contributor.authorBoselli, A.
dc.contributor.authorMona, L.
dc.contributor.authorD'Amico, G.
dc.contributor.authorRomano, S.
dc.contributor.authorPerrone, M. R.
dc.contributor.authorBelegante, L.
dc.contributor.authorNicolae, D.
dc.contributor.authorGrigorov, I.
dc.contributor.authorGialitaki, A.
dc.contributor.authorAmiridis, V.
dc.contributor.authorSoupiona, O.
dc.contributor.authorPapayannis, A.
dc.contributor.authorMamouri, R. E.
dc.contributor.authorNisantzi, A.
dc.contributor.authorHeese, B.
dc.contributor.authorHofer, J.
dc.contributor.authorSchechner, Y. Y.
dc.contributor.authorWandinger, U.
dc.contributor.authorPappalardo, G.
dc.contributor.funderSeventh Framework Programmeen
dc.contributor.funderHorizon 2020en
dc.contributor.funderBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschungen
dc.contributor.funderAgencia Estatal de Investigaciónen
dc.contributor.funderMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Españaen
dc.contributor.funderIrish Research Councilen
dc.contributor.funderGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Developmenten
dc.contributor.funderRussian Science Foundationen
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-05T16:00:01Z
dc.date.available2019-12-05T16:00:01Z
dc.date.issued2019-07-18
dc.date.updated2019-12-05T15:38:24Z
dc.description.abstractSix months of stratospheric aerosol observations with the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) from August 2017 to January 2018 are presented. The decay phase of an unprecedented, record-breaking stratospheric perturbation caused by wild fire smoke is reported and discussed in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical aerosol properties. Enormous amounts of smoke (mainly soot particles) were injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over fire areas in western Canada on 12 August 2017 during strong thunderstorm-pyrocumulonimbus activity. The stratospheric smoke plumes spread over the entire northern hemisphere in the following weeks and months. Twenty-eight European lidar stations from northern Norway to southern Portugal and the Eastern Mediterranean monitored the strong stratospheric perturbation on a continental scale. The main smoke layer (over central, western, southern, and eastern Europe) was found between 15 and 20 km height since September 2017 (about two weeks after entering the stratosphere). Thin layers of smoke were detected to ascent to 22–24 km height. The stratospheric aerosol optical thickness at 532 nm decreased from values > 0.25 on 21–23 August 2017 to 0.005–0.03 until 5–10 September, and was mainly 0.003–0.004 from October to December 2017, and thus still significantly above the stratospheric background (0.001–0.002). Stratospheric particle extinction coefficients (532 nm) were as high as 50–200 Mm−1 until the beginning of September and of the order of 1 Mm−1 (0.5–5 Mm−1) from October 2017 until the end of January 2018. The corresponding layer mean particle mass concentration was of the order of 0.05–0.5 μg cm−3 over the months. Soot is an efficient ice-nucleating particle (INP) at upper tropospheric (cirrus) temperatures and available to influence cirrus formation when entering the tropopause from above. We estimated INP concentrations of 50–500 L−1 until the first days in September and afterwards 5–50 L−1 until the end of the year 2018 in the lower stratosphere for typical cirrus formation temperatures of −55 °C and ice supersaturation values of 1.15. The measured profiles of the particle linear depolarization rato indicated the predominance of non-spherical soot particles. The 532 nm depolarization ratio decreased with time in the main smoke layer from values of 0.15–0.25 (August–September) to values of 0.05–0.10 (October–November) and < 0.05 (December–January). The decrease of the depolarization ratio is consistent with the steady removal of the larger smoke particles by gravitational settling and changes in the particle shape with time towards a spherical form. An ascending layer with a vertical depth of 500–1000 m was detected (over the Eastern Mediterranean at 32–35° N) that ascended from about 18–19 km to 22–23 km height from the beginning of October to the beginning of December 2017 (about 2 km per month) and may be related to the increasing build up of the winter-hemispheric Brewer–Dobson circulation system.en
dc.description.sponsorshipBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (HD(CP)2 under grant agreement no. 01LK1502I by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)); Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MDM-2016-0600); Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (ref. TEC2015-63832-P, CGL2017-90884-REDT and MDM-2016-0600); German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF grant I-1262 401.10/2014); Russian Science Foundation (project 16-17-10241)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationBaars, H. et al (2019) 'The unprecedented 2017–2018 stratospheric smoke event: decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET', Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19(23), pp. 15183-15198. doi: 10.5194/acp-2019-615en
dc.identifier.doi10.5194/acp-2019-615en
dc.identifier.eissn1680-7324
dc.identifier.endpage27en
dc.identifier.endpage15198
dc.identifier.issn1680-7375
dc.identifier.journaltitleAtmospheric Chemistry and Physicsen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.startpage15183
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/9350
dc.identifier.volume2019en
dc.identifier.volume19
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherEuropean Geosciences Union (EGU)en
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7::SP4::INFRA/262254/EU/Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network/ACTRISen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7::SP1::ENV/603445/EU/Impact of Biogenic versus Anthropogenic emissions on Clouds and Climate: towards a Holistic UnderStanding/BACCHUSen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020::RIA/654109/EU/Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure/ACTRIS-2en
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020::CSA/763643/EU/ERATOSTHENES: Excellence Research Centre for Earth Surveillance and Space-Based Monitoring of the Environment/EXCELSIORen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020::MSCA-RISE/778349/EU/Development of GRASP radiative transfer code for the retrieval of aerosol microphysics vertical-profiles from space measurements and its impact in ACE mission/GRASP-ACEen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Research Frontiers Programme (RFP)/06/RFP/EEB011/IE/The vertical aerosol distribution over Southern Ireland studied by backscatter and Raman LIDAR/en
dc.relation.urihttps://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/acp-2019-615/
dc.rights© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectStratospheric aerosol observationsen
dc.subjectEuropean Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET)en
dc.subjectWild fire smokeen
dc.subjectINP concentrationsen
dc.subjectSmoke layeren
dc.subjectBrewer-Dobson circulation systemen
dc.titleThe unprecedented 2017–2018 stratospheric smoke event: decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINETen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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