dc.contributor.author	Nell, Sandra
dc.contributor.author	Eibach, Daniel
dc.contributor.author	Montano, Valeria
dc.contributor.author	Maady, Ayas
dc.contributor.author	Nkwescheu, Armand
dc.contributor.author	Siri, Jose
dc.contributor.author	Elamin, Wael F.
dc.contributor.author	Falush, Daniel
dc.contributor.author	Linz, Bodo
dc.contributor.author	Achtman, Mark
dc.contributor.author	Moodley, Yoshan
dc.contributor.author	Suerbaum, Sebastian
dc.contributor.funder	Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany	en
dc.contributor.funder	Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Germany	de
dc.contributor.funder	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany	de
dc.date.accessioned	2016-02-17T11:45:32Z
dc.date.available	2016-02-17T11:45:32Z
dc.date.issued	2013-01-01
dc.description.abstract	Both anatomically modern humans and the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori originated in Africa, and both species have been associated for at least 100,000 years. Seven geographically distinct H. pylori populations exist, three of which are indigenous to Africa: hpAfrica1, hpAfrica2, and hpNEAfrica. The oldest and most divergent population, hpAfrica2, evolved within San hunter-gatherers, who represent one of the deepest branches of the human population tree. Anticipating the presence of ancient H. pylori lineages within all hunter-gatherer populations, we investigated the prevalence and population structure of H. pylori within Baka Pygmies in Cameroon. Gastric biopsies were obtained by esophagogastroduodenoscopy from 77 Baka from two geographically separated populations, and from 101 non-Baka individuals from neighboring agriculturalist populations, and subsequently cultured for H. pylori. Unexpectedly, Baka Pygmies showed a significantly lower H. pylori infection rate (20.8%) than non-Baka (80.2%). We generated multilocus haplotypes for each H. pylori isolate by DNA sequencing, but were not able to identify Baka-specific lineages, and most isolates in our sample were assigned to hpNEAfrica or hpAfrica1. The population hpNEAfrica, a marker for the expansion of the Nilo-Saharan language family, was divided into East African and Central West African subpopulations. Similarly, a new hpAfrica1 subpopulation, identified mainly among Cameroonians, supports eastern and western expansions of Bantu languages. An age-structured transmission model shows that the low H. pylori prevalence among Baka Pygmies is achievable within the timeframe of a few hundred years and suggests that demographic factors such as small population size and unusually low life expectancy can lead to the eradication of H. pylori from individual human populations. The Baka were thus either H. pylori-free or lost their ancient lineages during past demographic fluctuations. Using coalescent simulations and phylogenetic inference, we show that Baka almost certainly acquired their extant H. pylori through secondary contact with their agriculturalist neighbors.	en
dc.description.sponsorship	Max-Planck Gesellschaft (MPG) zur Forderung der Wissenschaften; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Germany (BMBF (HELDIVNET (0313930B) and HELDIVPAT (0315905A)); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany (DFG (SFB900/A1))	en
dc.description.status	Peer reviewed	en
dc.description.version	Published Version	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en
dc.identifier.articleid	e1003775
dc.identifier.citation	Nell S, Eibach D, Montano V, Maady A, Nkwescheu A, Siri J, et al. (2013) Recent Acquisition of Helicobacter pylori by Baka Pygmies. PLoS Genet 9(9): e1003775. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003775	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1371/journal.pgen.1003775
dc.identifier.issn	1553-7404
dc.identifier.issued	9	en
dc.identifier.journaltitle	PLOS GENETICS	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10468/2367
dc.identifier.volume	9	en
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.publisher	Public Library of Science	en
dc.rights	© 2013 Nell et al.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited	en
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	en
dc.subject	Trade-offs	en
dc.subject	Population structure	en
dc.subject	Bantu expansions	en
dc.subject	Southern Africa	en
dc.subject	Ethnic groups	en
dc.subject	Infection	en
dc.subject	Evolution	en
dc.subject	History	en
dc.subject	Cameroon	en
dc.subject	Genomes	en
dc.subject	~Microbiology - Journal Articles~	en
dc.title	Recent acquisition of Helicobacter pylori by Baka Pygmies	en
dc.type	Article (peer-reviewed)	en

Recent acquisition of Helicobacter pylori by Baka Pygmies

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