Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions

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dc.contributor.authorGlover, Kevin A.
dc.contributor.authorSolberg, Monica F.
dc.contributor.authorMcGinnity, Philip
dc.contributor.authorHindar, Kjetil
dc.contributor.authorVerspoor, Eric
dc.contributor.authorCoulson, Mark W.
dc.contributor.authorHansen, Michael M.
dc.contributor.authorAraki, Hitoshi
dc.contributor.authorSkaala, Øystein
dc.contributor.authorSvåsand, Terje
dc.contributor.funderNorges Forskningsråden
dc.contributor.funderNærings- og Fiskeridepartementeten
dc.contributor.funderJapan Society for the Promotion of Scienceen
dc.contributor.funderDet Frie Forskningsråden
dc.contributor.funderDepartment of Agriculture, Food and the Marineen
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-27T08:49:47Z
dc.date.available2017-03-27T08:49:47Z
dc.date.issued2017-03
dc.date.updated2017-03-24T13:40:30Z
dc.description.abstractAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is one of the best researched fishes, and its aquaculture plays a global role in the blue revolution. However, since the 1970s, tens of millions of farmed salmon have escaped into the wild. We review current knowledge of genetic interactions and identify the unanswered questions. Native salmon populations are typically genetically distinct from each other and potentially locally adapted. Farmed salmon represent a limited number of wild source populations that have been exposed to ≥12 generations of domestication. Consequently, farmed and wild salmon differ in many traits including molecular-genetic polymorphisms, growth, morphology, life history, behaviour, physiology and gene transcription. Field experiments have demonstrated that the offspring of farmed salmon display lower lifetime fitness in the wild than wild salmon and that following introgression, there is a reduced production of genetically wild salmon and, potentially, of total salmon production. It is a formidable task to estimate introgression of farmed salmon in wild populations where they are not exotic. New methods have revealed introgression in half of ~150 Norwegian populations, with point estimates as high as 47%, and an unweighted average of 6.4% across 109 populations. Outside Norway, introgression remains unquantified, and in all regions, biological changes and the mechanisms driving population-specific impacts remain poorly documented. Nevertheless, existing knowledge shows that the long-term consequences of introgression is expected to lead to changes in life-history traits, reduced population productivity and decreased resilience to future challenges. Only a major reduction in the number of escapees and/or sterility of farmed salmon can eliminate further impacts.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNorges Forskningsråd (Grant Numbers 200510 and 216105); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI Grant Number JP262921020); Det Frie Forskningsråd (Natural Sciences Grant Number: 1323-00158A); Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (Beaufort Marine Research Award)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationGlover, K. A., Solberg, M. F., McGinnity, P., Hindar, K., Verspoor, E., Coulson, M. W., Hansen, M. M., Araki, H., Skaala, Ø and Svåsand, T. (2017) ‘Half a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questions’, Fish and Fisheries, 2017, pp. 1-38. doi:10.1111/faf.12214en
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/faf.12214
dc.identifier.endpage38en
dc.identifier.issn1467-2979
dc.identifier.journaltitleFish And Fisheriesen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/3834
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons Ltden
dc.rights© 2017, the Authors. Fish and Fisheries published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectAquacultureen
dc.subjectEvolutionen
dc.subjectFish farmingen
dc.subjectFitnessen
dc.subjectGeneticen
dc.subjectHybriden
dc.titleHalf a century of genetic interaction between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon: status of knowledge and unanswered questionsen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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