New perspectives in gaze sensitivity research

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dc.contributor.authorDavidson, Gabrielle L.
dc.contributor.authorClayton, Nicola S.
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Research Councilen
dc.contributor.funderSeventh Framework Programmeen
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-26T11:32:32Z
dc.date.available2019-11-26T11:32:32Z
dc.date.issued2015-11-18
dc.description.abstractAttending to where others are looking is thought to be of great adaptive benefit for animals when avoiding predators and interacting with group members. Many animals have been reported to respond to the gaze of others, by co-orienting their gaze with group members (gaze following) and/or responding fearfully to the gaze of predators or competitors (i.e., gaze aversion). Much of the literature has focused on the cognitive underpinnings of gaze sensitivity, namely whether animals have an understanding of the attention and visual perspectives in others. Yet there remain several unanswered questions regarding how animals learn to follow or avoid gaze and how experience may influence their behavioral responses. Many studies on the ontogeny of gaze sensitivity have shed light on how and when gaze abilities emerge and change across development, indicating the necessity to explore gaze sensitivity when animals are exposed to additional information from their environment as adults. Gaze aversion may be dependent upon experience and proximity to different predator types, other cues of predation risk, and the salience of gaze cues. Gaze following in the context of information transfer within social groups may also be dependent upon experience with group-members; therefore we propose novel means to explore the degree to which animals respond to gaze in a flexible manner, namely by inhibiting or enhancing gaze following responses. We hope this review will stimulate gaze sensitivity research to expand beyond the narrow scope of investigating underlying cognitive mechanisms, and to explore how gaze cues may function to communicate information other than attention.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013); European Research Council (Grant Agreement No. 3399933)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationDavidson, G. L. and Clayton, N. S. (2016) 'New perspectives in gaze sensitivity research', Learning & Behavior, 44(1), pp. 9-17. doi: 10.3758/s13420-015-0204-zen
dc.identifier.doi10.3758/s13420-015-0204-zen
dc.identifier.eissn1543-4508
dc.identifier.endpage17en
dc.identifier.issn1543-4494
dc.identifier.issued1en
dc.identifier.journaltitleLearning and Behavioren
dc.identifier.startpage9en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/9247
dc.identifier.volume44en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSpringer USen
dc.rights© 2015, The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectGaze sensitivityen
dc.subjectAttention attributionen
dc.subjectPerspective takingen
dc.subjectGaze followingen
dc.subjectGaze aversionen
dc.subjectCommunicationen
dc.titleNew perspectives in gaze sensitivity researchen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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