Life cycle assessment of lithium-air battery cells

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dc.contributor.authorZackrisson, Mats
dc.contributor.authorFransson, Kristin
dc.contributor.authorHildenbrand, Jutta
dc.contributor.authorLampic, Gorazd
dc.contributor.authorO'Dwyer, Colm
dc.contributor.funderSeventh Framework Programmeen
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-09T14:08:19Z
dc.date.available2018-05-09T14:08:19Z
dc.date.issued2016-06-23
dc.date.updated2018-05-03T07:38:38Z
dc.description.abstractLithium-air batteries are investigated for propulsion aggregates in vehicles as they theoretically offer at least 10 times better energy density than the best battery technology (lithium-ion) of today. A possible input to guide development is expected from Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the manufacture, use and recycling of the lithium-air battery. For this purpose, lithium-air cells are analyzed from cradle to grave, i.e., from raw material production, cathode manufacturing, electrolyte preparation, cell assembly, use in a typical vehicle to end-of-life treatment and recycling. The aim of this investigation is highlighting environmental hotspots of lithium-air batteries to facilitate their improvement, in addition to scrutinizing anticipated environmental benefits compared to other battery technologies. Life cycle impacts are quantified in terms of climate impact, abiotic resource depletion and toxicity. Data is partly based on assumptions and estimates guided from similar materials and processes common to lithium-ion technologies. Laboratory scale results for lithium-air systems are considered, which include expectations in their future development for efficiency gains. At the present level of lithium-air cell performance, production-related impacts dominate all environmental impact categories. However, as the performance of the lithium-air cell develops (and less cells are needed), battery-related losses during operation become the major source of environmental impacts. The battery internal electricity losses become heat that may need considerable amounts of additional energy for its transportation out of the battery. It is recommended that future battery cell development projects already at the design stage consider suitable methods and processes for efficient and environmentally benign cell-level recycling. LCA could provide additional arguments and a quantitative basis for lithium battery recycling. This emphasizes the need to develop LCA toxicity impact methods in order to properly assess lithium.en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationZackrisson, M., Fransson, K., Hildenbrand, J., Lampic, G. and O'Dwyer, C. (2016) 'Life cycle assessment of lithium-air battery cells', Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, pp. 299-311. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.104en
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.104
dc.identifier.endpage211en
dc.identifier.issn0959-6526
dc.identifier.journaltitleJournal Of Cleaner Productionen
dc.identifier.startpage199en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/6051
dc.identifier.volume135en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7::SP1::NMP/314508/EU/STable high-capacity lithium-Air Batteries with Long cycle life for Electric cars/STABLEen
dc.relation.urihttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616307818
dc.rights© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectLCAen
dc.subjectLi-air batteryen
dc.subjectLi-O batteryen
dc.subjectLife cycle assessmenten
dc.titleLife cycle assessment of lithium-air battery cellsen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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