College of Business and Law

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11 Years with wearables: Qantitative analysis of social media, academia, news agencies, and lead user community from 2009-2020 on wearable technologies
(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2021-03) Gan, Yanglei; Wang, Tianyi; Javaheri, Alireza; Momeni-Ortner, Elaheh; Dehghani, Milad; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Rawassizadeh, Reza
The role of wearable technology in our daily lives is rapidly growing and many users are cumulatively becoming dependent on it. To provide insight into the future of wearable technologies and various community attitudes towards them, we implemented an in-depth quantitative investigation of opinions from academic texts (DBLP and PubMed), social media (Twitter), news media (Google News and Bing News), and entrepreneurship communities (Kickstarter and Indiegogo) over a 10-year period. Our results indicate that unlike academia, the news media, entrepreneurship communities, and social media all hold overall positive attitudes towards wearable technologies. Secondly, there are diverse perspectives towards various wearable products across different platforms. Specifically, "XR"technologies received the most attention, while "Exoskeleton"ignited the most heated debates. Thirdly, we discovered that the lifetime of a hyped wearable technology lasts approximately three years. Furthermore, the news media and entrepreneurship community's attitudes towards wearable technologies did not have a strong impact on public opinion. Finally, among all types of wearable technologies, "fashion design"and "healthcare"products were the most enlightening for the market.
5 issues around cash and ATMs which new legislation will address
(Raidió Teilifís Éireann, 2024-03-07) McCarthy, Olive
Analysis: Maintaining choice in how Irish consumers can pay for goods and services is fundamental to an inclusive society
A critique of the cohabitation provisions of the Civil Partnership Bill 2009
(Sweet & Maxwell/Round Hall, 2009) Mee, John
Analyses the scheme relating to cohabitation outside marriage or civil partnership provided for in the Civil Partnership Bill 2009 Pt 15. Summarises, and identifies problems relating to, some of the provisions in Pt15, including the definitions of cohabitant and qualified cohabitant in s.170, the requirement of financial dependency underpinning the entitlement to financial redress for qualified cohabitants under ss.171, 172, 173 and 185, and the enforceability of cohabitant agreements. Notes conflict between the entitlement to financial provision and the principle of a clean break between the parties. Legislation Cited: Civil Partnership Bill 2009 s.170, s.171, s.172, s.173, s.185, s.199 (Ireland)
A different kind of death? Barts NHS Trust v Dance and Battersbee
(SAGE Publishing, 2023-04-19) Lyons , Barry; Donnelly, Mary
The case of Archie Battersbee, a 12-year-old boy who suffered a catastrophic hypoxic brain injury, was the subject of several Family Division and Appeal Court hearings between April and August 2022. During the protracted legal process, appeals were made by the family to the Supreme Court, the European Court of Human Rights, and the United Nations’ Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD Committee). These were unsuccessful in achieving a stay on the withdrawal of life-sustaining interventions, whose continuance the Family Division of the High Court had found not to be in Archie’s best interests. This commentary focuses on two novel aspects of the proceedings: the Court of Appeal’s overturning of Arbuthnot J’s conclusion that Archie was brainstem dead, and the CRPD Committee’s intervention in response to the family’s appeal.
A minimal approach to adverse possession
(Sweet & Maxwell, 2015-09) Mee, John
Comments, from an English law perspective, on the Irish High Court judgment in Dooley v Flaherty on whether the defendant's period of adverse possession of a dilapidated property, that commenced on the termination of an oral periodic tenancy, had been interrupted by the paper owner's acts in: (1) accessing the roof via a neighbour's attic to effect a repair; (2) arranging for an employee to repair some roof slates; and (3) insuring the property.
The Aarhus Convention and its implementation in Ireland: strengthening the role of NGOs in environmental governance
(University College Cork, 2015) Comerford, Phyllis; Ryall, Aine; Irish Research Council
One of the most striking features of the 1998 Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters is the leading role envisaged for environmental nongovernmental organisations (ENGOs) in furthering compliance with environmental law. The Convention aims to secure the special status of ENGOs in environmental governance procedures by guaranteeing procedural rights of access to information, participation in decision-making and access to review mechanisms. Although Ireland did not become a Party to the Convention until September 2012, the Aarhus procedural rights were already guaranteed under European Union (EU) law. The EU has been a Party to the Aarhus Convention since May 2005 and has adopted a number of legislative measures to implement the Convention. This thesis examines the evolving role of ENGOs in environmental governance in Ireland. It provides a doctrinal analysis of the impact of the Aarhus Convention and EU law on Irish law and governance arrangements involving ENGOs. The thesis considers the extent to which Ireland has delivered faithfully on the standards set by the Aarhus Convention to facilitate ENGOs to fulfil the role envisaged for them under the Convention.
The Aarhus Convention: Standards for access to justice in environmental matters
(Cambridge University Press, 2019-05) Ryall, Áine
The Aarhus Convention is an international treaty under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN ECE). It guarantees three interconnected procedural rights: the right to information; the right to participate in decision-making; and the right of access to justice in environmental matters. The Convention is ground-breaking in linking environmental rights and human rights. Its overarching objective is to contribute to the right of every person of present and future generations to live in an environment adequate to their health and well-being.2 The Convention aims to strengthen environmental governance by providing opportunities for an informed public to express concerns about activities which may have a significant effect on the environment and insisting that public authorities take account of those concerns. Transparency and accountability in decision-making is advanced by improving public access to environmental information and providing accessible, affordable and effective review mechanisms to ensure that the law is applied correctly and enforced by the courts where necessary. The Convention places special emphasis on the role played by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in environmental protection, in particular by enabling them to enforce the law in the public interest. This chapter examines the development of standards within the context of the rights guaranteed under the Convention and the obligations undertaken by State Parties (i.e. States that have ratified, and are therefore bound by, the Convention as a matter of international law). It focuses on how the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (the Compliance Committee) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) have developed these standards over time. Of course, courts and tribunals at national level are also involved intensively in interpreting, applying and enforcing Convention obligations. In order to provide a detailed account, this chapter focuses exclusively on the role of the Compliance Committee and the CJEU in developing standards within the framework of the Convention.
Abortion care in Ireland: Developing legal and ethical frameworks for conscientious provision
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019-11-02) Donnelly, Mary; Murray, Claire
This article celebrates the remarkable changes which have occurred in the provision of abortion care in Ireland following the vote to remove the restrictive Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Ireland in May 2018. However, it also identifies ways in which the emerging legal, ethical and clinical landscape is still impeding the conscientious provision of abortion care. It argues that in order to address these impediments, more attention needs to be paid to the ethical context for conscientious provision. This requires political leadership as well as ongoing leadership by professional bodies to develop both the clinical and the ethical guidance for conscientious provision.
The absence of integration and the responsibilisation of Union citizenship
(European Papers, 2018-10) Stephen Coutts
Union citizenship has witnessed a reactive turn in recent years with citizens' rights being more easily restricted. Key to this development is a shift in the use of the concept of integration. This article traces this development through two key areas of law, namely access to social benefits and the effect of criminal behaviour on citizens' rights. It further argues that this shift in the use of integration entails a greater emphasis on the agency of the individual and the responsibilisation of the citizen. An image of the “good EU citizen” emerges as productive and law-abiding.
Accentuate the positive: Exploratory case study of ChatGPT as a complementary learning tool
(Springer Nature, 2024-11-19) Barrett, Gillian; Fitzgerald, Ciara; Ryan, Marie
In this chapter, we explore the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), within the scholarship of Teaching and Learning (T&L). As educators, we are grappling with ChatGPT and trying to understand its role in both teaching and learning but also in assessment. Given educators understandable trepidation, we decided to embrace, accentuate the positive and ‘lean-in’ to ChatGPT. In this study, we explore an assessment case study and share how an assessment adaptation within an entrepreneurship module offers educators and students alike an opportunity to embrace ChatGPT and to learn from the potential that ChatGPT can bring to the classroom. Such an approach offers a constructive strategy by considering students as collaborators in the AI educational experience. We present the challenges for educators, followed by a discussion on the strategies educators can use to embrace AI. Finally, while acknowledging the ever-evolving educational landscape, we acknowledge the educator’s role in emphasising the role of authentic assessment, thus helping to develop students’ digital literacy, critical thinking and problem-solving skills, regardless of programme of study.
Access to justice for people with disabilities as victims of crime in Ireland
(National Disability Authority, 2012-02) Edwards, Claire; Harold, Gillian; Kilcommins, Shane
International literature recognises that people with disabilities are at greater risk of crime than their able-bodied counterparts, but that crime against people with disabilities is significantly under-reported and often fails to proceed to prosecution. However, little is known in the Irish context about how the criminal justice system responds to the needs of people with disabilities as victims of crime. This study aims to: Explore the barriers that people with disabilities who report a crime face in accessing the criminal justice system in Ireland and internationally; Compare the legislative tools and frameworks across different jurisdictions which seek to protect the rights of people with disabilities who report crime and abuse; Analyse the specific policies and practices that agencies of the criminal justice system have in place to facilitate people with disabilities’ access to justice; Explore national and international innovations which may contribute to strengthening the way in which the Irish criminal justice system responds to the needs of people with disabilities. The study addresses these aims through an international literature review and semi-structured interviews conducted with key agencies in the Irish criminal justice system.
The accountability of transnational armed groups under international law
(University College Cork, 2015) Brennan, Anna Marie; Donson, Fiona; Mullally, Siobhan; Irish Research Council
Terrorist attacks by transnational armed groups cause on average 15,000 deaths every year worldwide, with the law enforcement agencies of some states facing many challenges in bringing those responsible to justice. Despite various attempts to codify the law on transnational terrorism since the 1930s, a crime of transnational terrorism under International Law remains contested, reflecting concerns regarding the relative importance of prosecuting members of transnational armed groups before the International Criminal Court. However, a study of the emerging jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court suggests that terrorist attacks cannot be classified as a war crime or a crime against humanity. Therefore, using organisational network theory, this thesis will probe the limits of international criminal law in bringing members of transnational armed groups to justice in the context of changing methods of warfare. Determining the organisational structure of transnational armed groups, provides a powerful analytical framework for examining the challenges in holding members of transnational armed groups accountable before the International Criminal Court, in the context of the relationship between the commanders and the subordinate members of the group.
Achieving continuous professional development in higher education
(DESRIST 2015, 2015-05) Mandviwalla, Munir; Schuff, David; Ganju, Kartik; Donnellan, Brian; Gleasure, Rob; Helfert, Markus; Kenneally, Jim; Rothenberger, Marcus; Chiarini Tremblay, Monica; VanderMeer, Debra; Winter, Robert
Traditional higher education technology emphasizes knowledge transmission. In contrast, the Community platform presented in this paper follows a social approach that interleaves knowledge delivery with social and professional skills development, engaging with others, and personal growth. In this paper, we apply learning and complex adaptive systems theory to motivate and justify a continuous professional development model that improves higher education outcomes such as placement. The paper follows action design research (ADR) as the research method to propose and evaluate design principles.
Action design research as a method-in-use: problems and opportunities
(Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2017) Haj-Bolouri, Amir; Purao, Sandeep; Rossi, Matti; Bernhardsson, Lennarth; Maedche, Alexander; vom Brocke, Jan; Hevner, Alan
This paper reports on the results of a study to investigate how scholars engage with and use the action design research (ADR) approach. ADR has been acknowledged as an important variant of the Design Science Research approach, and has been adopted by a number of scholars, as the methodological basis for doctoral dissertations as well as multidisciplinary research projects. With this use, the research community is learning about how to apply ADR's central tenets in different contexts. In this paper, we draw on primary data from researchers who have recently engaged in or finished an ADR project to identify recurring problems and opportunities related to working in different ADR stages, balancing demands from practice and research, and addressing problem instance vs. class of problems. Our work contributes a greater understanding of how ADR projects are carried out in practice, how researchers use ADR, and pointers to possibilities for extending ADR.
Action design research: a comparison with canonical action research and design science
(DESRIST 2015, 2015-05) Maccani, Giovanni; Donnellan, Brian; Helfert, Markus; Donnellan, Brian; Gleasure, Rob; Helfert, Markus; Kenneally, Jim; Rothenberger, Marcus; Chiarini Tremblay, Monica; VanderMeer, Debra; Winter, Robert
This research in progress paper addresses the IS issue in relation to conducting relevant research while keeping academic rigor. In particular, it contributes to the ongoing academic conversation around the investigation on how to incor-porate action in design science research. In this document the philosophical underpinnings of the recently proposed methodology called Action Design Re-search [1] are derived, outlined and integrated into Burrel and Morgan’s Par-adigmatic Framework (1979)[6]. The results so far show how Action Design Research can be considered as a particular case of Design Science Research (rather than a methodology closely related to Action Research) although they can assume two different epistemological positions. From these philosophical perspectives, future works will involve the inclusion of actual research projects using the three different methodologies. The final goal is to outline and structure the divergences and similarities of Action Design Research with Design Science Research and Canonical Action Research.
Activity patterns in design processes of IT standards
(DESRIST 2015, 2015-05) Purao, Sandeep; Umapathy, Karthikeyan; Bagby, John; Donnellan, Brian; Gleasure, Rob; Helfert, Markus; Kenneally, Jim; Rothenberger, Marcus; Chiarini Tremblay, Monica; VanderMeer, Debra; Winter, Robert
Contemporary IT standards are designed, not selected. Their design enacts a complex process that brings together a coalition of players. We examine the design of the SOAP standard to discover activity patterns in this design process. The paper reports these patterns as a precursor to developing a micro-level process theory for designing IT standards.
Adaptive multilayer extreme learning machines
(Elsevier Ltd., 2024-12-12) Filelis-Papadopoulos, Christos K.; Morrison, John P.; O’Reilly, Philip; Science Foundation Ireland
Extreme learning machines is a neural network type that has been utilized in tasks such as regression and classification, due to their efficient training process, which is based on pseudoinverse matrices and randomized weights, avoiding the computationally intensive backpropagation. In order to further improve their performance and reduce their complexity with respect to number of required hyperparameters, especially in the case of multiple layer architectures, a novel multilayer adaptive approach, based on residual networks, is proposed. This approach constructs the network iteratively with respect to error minimization and parsimony using a recursive pseudoinverse matrix framework. A new block approach, using mixed precision arithmetic and Graphics Processing Units (GPU) is proposed. The proposed technique is coupled with a new adaptive penalty criterion to ensure adequate numbers of neurons are included in each layer, while avoiding highly correlated basis. Adaptive regularization, along with scaling, is also incorporated to ensure Symmetric Positive Definiteness (SPD) of the Gram matrix. Several random number distributions for the proposed approach are examined and discussed. Handling of large datasets is discussed and a new batch variant is proposed. The proposed scheme is evaluated for regression and classification tasks in a multitude of datasets and is compared with other neural network architectures.
AdBo: A mobile application to boost adherence of physical exercises for elderly suffering from cognitive decline
(DESRIST 2016, 2016-05) Alsaqer, Mohammed; Chatterjee, Samir; Parsons, Jeffrey; Tuunanen, Tuure; Venable, John R.; Helfert, Markus; Donnellan, Brian; Kenneally, Jim; National University of Ireland, Maynooth; Claremont Graduate University, United States; Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
According to the UN, the number of elderly people over the age of 60 will reach 2 billion by 2050. Aging is accompanied with functional and cognitive decline that impact elderly independence and quality of life. This often results in issues such as forgetting, fall, and depression. Physical exercises can help. However, only 16% of elderly above the age 65 years do enough exercise to meet HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) physical activity guidelines for Americans. Several barriers impact the elderly's adherence to physical exercises. In this paper, we discuss the barriers and proven strategies that can be used to overcome them. Then, we discuss the development of the AdBo smartphone application, which aims to increase the elderly adherence to physical exercises. The application will guide the elderly though appropriate exercises, measure cognition ability before and after the exercises regimen, and track cognitive improvement over time.
The added value of a mobile application of Community Case Management on referral, re-consultation and hospitalization rates of children aged under 5 years in two districts in Northern Malawi: study protocol for a pragmatic, stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial
(BioMed Central, 2017-10-11) Hardy, Victoria; O'Connor, Yvonne; Heavin, Ciara; Mastellos, Nikolaos; Tran, Tammy; O'Donoghue, John; Fitzpatrick, Annette L.; Ide, Nicole; Wu, Tsung-Shu Joseph; Chirambo, Griphin Baxter; Muula, Adamson S.; Nyirenda, Moffat; Carlsson, Sven; Andersson, Bo; Thompson, Matthew; Seventh Framework Programme
Addressing marine plastic pollution as a 'wicked' problem of transnational environmental governance
(Lawtext Publishing Limited, 2020-07-21) McIntyre, Owen
Recent scientific research and related media publicity concerning the nature and scale of the problem of marine plastic pollution (‘MPP’) has shone a spotlight on the difficult task of designing and implementing effective legal responses to address this complex environmental challenge. Key among these challenges is that of the ‘fragmentation’ of the diverse environmental law frameworks applying to MPP. The regulatory difficulties associated with the environmental problem of plastic waste and pollution more generally are inextricably linked to the transnational character of globalized supply chains, not alone for plastic products, but for the treatment or disposal of plastic waste and for all internationally traded goods which incorporate or come packaged in plastics of one form or another. In such an uncertain regulatory landscape, beset by legal fragmentation and numerous regulatory lacunae, the rapidly emerging paradigm of global or transnational environmental law (TEL) may offer an innovative means of controlling, informing and guiding the related activities of producers, manufacturers, exporters, importers, distributors, retailers and consumers across global supply chains.

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