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A sphingosine kinase 2-mimicking TAT-peptide protects neurons against ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating BNIP3-mediated mitophagy
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Date
2020-09-20
Authors
Chen, Jia-Li
Wang, Xin-Xin
Chen, Lei
Tang, Jie
Xia, Yun-Fei
Qian, Ke
Qin, Zheng-Hong
Waeber, Christian
Sheng, Rui
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
Published Version
Abstract
We have previously shown that sphingosine kinase 2 (SPK2) interacts with Bcl-2 via its BH3 domain, activating autophagy by inducing the dissociation of Beclin-1/Bcl-2 complexes, and that a TAT-SPK2 peptide containing the BH3 domain of SPK2 protects neurons against ischemic injury. The goals of the present study were to establish the functional significance of these findings, by testing whether TAT-SPK2 was effective in a mouse model of ischemic stroke, and to explore potential underlying mechanisms. Mice were administered with TAT-SPK2 by intraperitoneal injection before or after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Infarct volume, neurological deficit and brain water content were assessed 24Â h after reperfusion. Mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1 and BNIP3 siRNAs were used to examine the involvement of BNIP3-dependent mitophagy in the neuroprotection of TAT-SPK2. Mitophagy was quantified by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The interaction between TAT-SPK2 and Bcl-2, Bcl-2 and BNIP3 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. In the tMCAO model, pre-treatment with TAT-SPK2 significantly reduced infarct volume, improved neurological function and decreased brain edema. Neuroprotection by TAT-SPK2 was still seen when the peptide was administered 3Â h after reperfusion. TAT-SPK2 also significantly improved functional recovery and reduced long-term brain atrophy of the ischemic hemisphere 30 days after administration. Our studies further showed that TAT-SPK2 directly binds to Bcl-2 and disrupts Bcl-2/Beclin-1 or Bcl-2/BNIP3 complexes to induce mitophagy. These results suggest that TAT-SPK2 protects neurons against ischemia reperfusion injury by activating BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. Agents exploiting this molecular mechanism are potential candidates for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Keywords
TAT-SPK2 peptide , Sphingosine kinase 2 , Cerebral ischemia , Mitophagy , Autophagy , BNIP3
Citation
Chen, J.-L., Wang, X.-X., Chen, L., Tang, J., Xia, Y.-F., Qian, K., Qin, Z.-H., Waeber, C. and Sheng, R. (2020) 'A sphingosine kinase 2-mimicking TAT-peptide protects neurons against ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating BNIP3-mediated mitophagy', Neuropharmacology, 181, 108326 (14pp). doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108326