Integration of a capacitive pressure sensing system into the outer catheter wall for coronary artery FFR measurements
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Date
2017-05
Authors
Stam, Frank
Kuisma, Heikki
Gao, Feng
Saarilahti, Jaakko
Gomes Martins, David
Kärkkäinen, Anu
Marrinan, Brendan
Pintal, Sebastian
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Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
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Abstract
The deadliest disease in the world is coronary artery disease (CAD), which is related to a narrowing (stenosis) of blood vessels due to fatty deposits, plaque, on the arterial walls. The level of stenosis in the coronary arteries can be assessed by Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) measurements. This involves determining the ratio between the maximum achievable blood flow in a diseased coronary artery and the theoretical maximum flow in a normal coronary artery. The blood flow is represented by a pressure drop, thus a pressure wire or pressure sensor integrated in a catheter can be used to calculate the ratio between the coronary pressure distal to the stenosis and the normal coronary pressure. A 2 Fr (0.67mm) outer diameter catheter was used, which required a high level of microelectronics miniaturisation to fit a pressure sensing system into the outer wall. The catheter has an eccentric guidewire lumen with a diameter of 0.43mm, which implies that the thickest catheter wall section provides less than 210 microns height for flex assembly integration consisting of two dies, a capacitive MEMS pressure sensor and an ASIC. In order to achieve this a very thin circuit flex was used, and the two chips were thinned down to 75 microns and flip chip mounted face down on the flex. Many challenges were involved in obtaining a flex layout that could wrap into a small tube without getting the dies damaged, while still maintaining enough flexibility for the catheter to navigate the arterial system.
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Keywords
Capacitive pressure sensing , FFR measurement , catheter wall , Mems , Asic , Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR), , Catheter integration , Flexible circuit , Capacitive pressure sensor , Chip bumping & coining , Die thinning , Flip chip interconnect , Solder laser jetting
Citation
Stam, F., Kuisma, H., Gao, F., Saarilahti, J., Martins, D. G., Kärkkäinen, A., Marrinan, B. and Pintal, S. (2017) 'Integration of a capacitive pressure sensing system into the outer catheter wall for coronary artery FFR measurements', Proceedings SPIE 10247, Bio-MEMS and Medical Microdevices III, 1024703 (10pp), doi: 10.1117/12.2263779
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© 2017 SPIE .Copyright 2017 Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic electronic or print reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.