Physiology of acetic acid bacteria and their role in vinegar and fermented beverages
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Accepted Version
Date
2019-04-02
Authors
Lynch, Kieran M.
Zannini, Emanuele
Wilkinson, Stuart
Daenen, Luk
Arendt, Elke K.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. on behalf of the Institute of Food Technologists
Published Version
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) have, for centuries, been important microorganisms in the production of fermented foods and beverages such as vinegar, kombucha, (water) kefir, and lambic beer. Their unique form of metabolism, known as Ć¢ oxidativeĆ¢ fermentation, mediates the transformation of a variety of substrates into products, which are of importance in the food and beverage industry and beyond; the most well-known of which is the oxidation of ethanol into acetic acid. Here, a comprehensive review of the physiology of AAB is presented, with particular emphasis on their importance in the production of vinegar and fermented beverages. In addition, particular reference is addressed toward Gluconobacter oxydans due to its biotechnological applications, such as its role in vitamin C production. The production of vinegar and fermented beverages in which AAB play an important role is discussed, followed by an examination of the literature relating to the health benefits associated with consumption of these products. AAB hold great promise for future exploitation, both due to increased consumer demand for traditional fermented beverages such as kombucha, and for the development of new types of products. Further studies on the health benefits related to the consumption of these fermented products and guidelines on assessing the safety of AAB for use as microbial food cultures (starter cultures) are, however, necessary in order to take full advantage of this important group of microorganisms.
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Keywords
Acetic acid bacteria , Oxidative fermentation Exopolysaccharides , Vinegar , Vitamin C
Citation
Lynch, K. M., Zannini, E., Wilkinson, S., Daenen, L. and Arendt, E. K. (2019) 'Physiology of acetic acid bacteria and their role in vinegar and fermented beverages', Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12440
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Copyright
Ā© 2019, Institute of Food Technologists. Published by John Wiley & Sons Inc. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Lynch, K. M., et al (2019) 'Physiology of acetic acid bacteria and their role in vinegar and fermented beverages', Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12440, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12440. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.