Semi-dynamic in vitro digestion of honey chlorella vulgaris reveals biochemical and structural insights during gastro-intestinal transit

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dc.check.date2026-03-13en
dc.check.infoAccess to this article is restricted until 12 months after publication by request of the publisheren
dc.contributor.authorFeng, Siyien
dc.contributor.authorHernández-Olivas, Everen
dc.contributor.authorSahin, Aylin W.en
dc.contributor.authorGiblin, Lindaen
dc.contributor.authorBrodkorb, Andréen
dc.contributor.funderHorizon 2020en
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderTeagascen
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-08T09:49:37Z
dc.date.available2025-04-08T09:49:37Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-13en
dc.description.abstractConcerns about current food systems have prompted increased exploration of sustainable alternative protein sources, such as microalgae. This study investigated honey Chlorella vulgaris, a chlorophyll-deficient mutant, distinguished by its consumer-friendly honey colour, milder flavour and improved texture. To facilitate the nutritional transition towards this source, a standardised in vitro semi-dynamic INFOGEST digestion model was employed to analyse the digestive behaviour of C. vulgaris, focusing on the biochemical and structural changes during in vitro digestion. Gastric digestion was conducted over 67.5 min with dynamic fluid addition and gastric emptying. Results indicated slow gastric digestion of C. vulgaris due to the initially low pepsin activity and low protein solubility. Significant protein breakdown commenced when the pH dropped to 3.5. By the end of the gastric phase, 11.8 % of the protein and 3.0 % of free amine groups were released, generating new peptides of 0.3–1 kDa. Followed by 2 h static intestinal digestion, some cell structures remained intact, indicating a barrier to nutrient release. Pancreatic enzymes caused substantial protein hydrolysis, generating a higher fraction of 0.1–0.3 kDa peptides, with a notable release of essential amino acids as well as phenolic compounds. This study highlighted that protein insolubility and the cell wall structure of C. vulgaris may impede enzyme effectiveness, leading to a reduced protein breakdown. Furthermore, introduction of processing steps may enhance bioaccessibility in microalgae-derived foods, thereby contributing to the development of nutritional and sustainable food productions.en
dc.description.sponsorshipTeagasc (Walsh Scholarship 2021232)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleid116037en
dc.identifier.citationFeng, S., Hernandez-Olivas, E., Sahin, A. W., Giblin, L. and Brodkorb, A. (2025) 'Semi-dynamic in vitro digestion of honey chlorella vulgaris reveals biochemical and structural insights during gastro-intestinal transit', Food Research International, 116037 (13pp). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116037en
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116037en
dc.identifier.endpage13en
dc.identifier.issn0963-9969en
dc.identifier.journaltitleFood Research Internationalen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/17247
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd.en
dc.relation.ispartofFood Research Internationalen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE::HORIZON-RIA/101059632/EU/Gap resolutIon in sAfety, NuTritional, alLergenicity and Environmental assessments to promote Alternative Protein utilization and the dietary Shift/GIANT LEAPSen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/Research Centres Programme/16/RC/3835/IE/VistaMilk Centre/en
dc.rights© 2025, Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectChlorella vulgarisen
dc.subjectMicroalgaeen
dc.subjectProteinen
dc.subjectINFOGESTen
dc.subjectIn vitro digestionen
dc.titleSemi-dynamic in vitro digestion of honey chlorella vulgaris reveals biochemical and structural insights during gastro-intestinal transiten
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
dc.typejournal-articleen
oaire.citation.volume208en
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