Iron, iodine and vitamin D deficiencies during pregnancy - epidemiology, risk factors and developmental impacts

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dc.contributor.authorKiely, Mairead E.
dc.contributor.authorMcCarthy, Elaine K.
dc.contributor.authorHennessy, Áine
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderHealth Research Boarden
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-19T08:42:46Z
dc.date.available2021-05-19T08:42:46Z
dc.date.issued2021-05-14
dc.date.updated2021-05-19T08:32:15Z
dc.description.abstractMicronutrient deficiency persists throughout the world, and while the burden is higher in low resource settings, it is also prevalent in wealthy countries, a phenomenon termed â hidden hungerâ . Due to their high requirements for vitamins and minerals relative to their energy intake, young women and children are particularly vulnerable to hidden hunger. As they share several risk factors and impact on overlapping outcomes, we consider how deficiency of iron, iodine and vitamin D can have profound impacts on perinatal health and infant development. We review the epidemiology of these micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy, including social, environmental and dietary risk factors. We identify the main challenges in defining nutritional status of these nutrients using validated diagnostic criteria linked with meaningful clinical outcomes. Public health strategies are urgently required to improve the overall health and nutritional status of women of reproductive age. Obesity prevention and early detection of malnutrition with standardised screening methods would detect pregnant women at increased risk of iron deficiency. Development of sensitive, individual biomarkers of iodine status are required to protect maternal health and fetal/infant brain development. Risk assessments of vitamin D requirements during pregnancy need to be revisited from the perspective of fetal and neonatal requirements. International consensus on standardised approaches to micronutrient assessment, analysis and reporting as well as sensitive, clinically-validated infant and child neuro-behavioural outcomes will enable progression of useful observational and intervention studies.en
dc.description.sponsorshipScience Foundation Ireland (18/SIRG/5575); Health Research Board (ARPP2020-008)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationKiely, M. E., McCarthy, E. K. and Hennessy, Á. (2021) 'Iron, iodine and vitamin D deficiencies during pregnancy - epidemiology, risk factors and developmental impacts', Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. doi: 10.1017/S0029665121001944en
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/S0029665121001944en
dc.identifier.eissn1475-2719
dc.identifier.issn0029-6651
dc.identifier.journaltitleProceedings of the Nutrition Societyen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/11354
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherCambridge University Pressen
dc.rights© 2021, the Authors. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society. This material is free to view and download for personal use only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works.en
dc.subjectIronen
dc.subjectIodineen
dc.subjectVitamin Den
dc.subjectPregnancyen
dc.subjectMalnutritionen
dc.subjectDeficiencyen
dc.subjectHidden hungeren
dc.titleIron, iodine and vitamin D deficiencies during pregnancy - epidemiology, risk factors and developmental impactsen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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