The microbiome of professional athletes differs from that of more sedentary subjects in composition and particularly at the functional metabolic level

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dc.contributor.authorBarton, Wiley
dc.contributor.authorPenney, Nicholas C.
dc.contributor.authorCronin, Owen
dc.contributor.authorGarcia-Perez, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorMolloy, Michael G.
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Elaine
dc.contributor.authorShanahan, Fergus
dc.contributor.authorCotter, Paul D.
dc.contributor.authorO'Sullivan, Orla
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Ireland
dc.contributor.funderDiabetes Research & Wellness Foundation
dc.contributor.funderNational Institute for Health Research
dc.contributor.funderImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
dc.contributor.funderImperial College London
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-30T10:30:27Z
dc.date.available2018-07-30T10:30:27Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractObjective: It is evident that the gut microbiota and factors that influence its composition and activity effect human metabolic, immunological and developmental processes. We previously reported that extreme physical activity with associated dietary adaptations, such as that pursued by professional athletes, is associated with changes in faecal microbial diversity and composition relative to that of individuals with a more sedentary lifestyle. Here we address the impact of these factors on the functionality/metabolic activity of the microbiota which reveals even greater separation between exercise and a more sedentary state. Design: Metabolic phenotyping and functional metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome of professional international rugby union players (n=40) and controls (n=46) was carried out and results were correlated with lifestyle parameters and clinical measurements (eg, dietary habit and serum creatine kinase, respectively). Results Athletes had relative increases in pathways (eg, amino acid and antibiotic biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism) and faecal metabolites (eg, microbial produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate) associated with enhanced muscle turnover (fitness) and overall health when compared with control groups. Conclusions: Differences in faecal microbiota between athletes and sedentary controls show even greater separation at the metagenomic and metabolomic than at compositional levels and provide added insight into the diet-exercise-gut microbiota paradigm.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDiabetes Research and Wellness Foundation (Sutherland-Earl Clinical Research Fellowship); National Institute for Health Research/Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (Biomedical Research Centre)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationBarton, W., Penney, N. C., Cronin, O., Garcia-Perez, I., Molloy, M. G., Holmes, E., Shanahan, F., Cotter, P. D. and O'Sullivan, O. (2018) 'The microbiome of professional athletes differs from that of more sedentary subjects in composition and particularly at the functional metabolic level', Gut, 67(4), pp. 625-633. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313627en
dc.identifier.doi10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313627
dc.identifier.endpage633
dc.identifier.issn0017-5749
dc.identifier.issued4
dc.identifier.journaltitleGuten
dc.identifier.startpage625
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/6514
dc.identifier.volume67
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherBMJ Publishing Groupen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Starting Investigator Research Grant (SIRG)/13/SIRG/2160/IE/Investigating the impact of high intensity exercise and/or protein intake levels on gut microbial diversity./
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Research Centres/12/RC/2273/IE/Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) - Interfacing Food & Medicine/
dc.relation.urihttp://gut.bmj.com/content/67/4/625
dc.rights© 2017, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. This article has been accepted for publication in Gut following peer review. The definitive copyedited, typeset version is available online at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313627en
dc.rights.urihttp://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
dc.subjectChain fatty-acidsen
dc.subjectTrimethylamine-N-oxideen
dc.subjectPhysical activityen
dc.subjectGut microbiomeen
dc.subjectCardiovascular diseaseen
dc.subjectMass spectrometryen
dc.subjectMetaanalysisen
dc.subjectAssociationen
dc.subjectDiversityen
dc.subjectExerciseen
dc.titleThe microbiome of professional athletes differs from that of more sedentary subjects in composition and particularly at the functional metabolic levelen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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