Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data

dc.contributor.authorRejnmark, Lars
dc.contributor.authorBislev, Lise Sofie
dc.contributor.authorCashman, Kevin D.
dc.contributor.authorEiriksdottir, Gudny
dc.contributor.authorGaksch, Martin
dc.contributor.authorGruebler, Martin
dc.contributor.authorGrimnes, Guri
dc.contributor.authorGudnason, Vilmundur
dc.contributor.authorLips, Paul
dc.contributor.authorPilz, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorvan Schoor, Natasja M.
dc.contributor.authorKiely, Mairead E.
dc.contributor.authorJorde, Rolf
dc.contributor.funderSeventh Framework Programme
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-26T11:39:20Z
dc.date.available2017-09-26T11:39:20Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractBackground A large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels on non-skeletal outcomes. We performed a systematic quantitative review on characteristics of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses (MAs) on non-skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation. Methods and findings We identified systematic reviews (SR) reporting summary data in terms of MAs of RCTs on selected non-skeletal outcomes. For each outcome, we summarized the results from available SRs and scrutinized included RCTs for a number of predefined characteristics. We identified 54 SRs including data from 210 RCTs. Most MAs as well as the individual RCTs reported null-findings on risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, weight-loss, and malignant diseases. Beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation was reported in 1 of 4 MAs on depression, 2 of 9 MAs on blood pressure, 3 of 7 MAs on respiratory tract infections, and 8 of 12 MAs on mortality. Most RCTs have primarily been performed to determine skeletal outcomes, whereas non-skeletal effects have been assessed as secondary outcomes. Only one-third of the RCTs had low level of 25OHD as a criterion for inclusion and a mean baseline 25OHD level below 50 nmol/L was only present in less than half of the analyses. Conclusions Published RCTs have mostly been performed in populations without low 25OHD levels. The fact that most MAs on results from RCTs did not show a beneficial effect does not disprove the hypothesis suggested by observational findings on adverse health outcomes of low 25OHD levels.en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleide0180512
dc.identifier.citationRejnmark, L., Bislev, L. S., Cashman, K. D., Eiríksdottir, G., Gaksch, M., Grübler, M., Grimnes, G., Gudnason, V., Lips, P., Pilz, S., van Schoor, N. M., Kiely, M. and Jorde, R. (2017) 'Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data', PLOS ONE, 12(7), e0180512 (39pp). doi:en
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0180512
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.issued7
dc.identifier.journaltitlePLoS ONEen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/4795
dc.identifier.volume12
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7::SP1::KBBE/613977/EU/Food-based solutions for Optimal vitamin D Nutrition and health through the life cycle/ODIN
dc.relation.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180512
dc.rights© 2017, Rejnmark et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectRandomized controlled trialsen
dc.subjectSerum 25 hydroxyvitamin Den
dc.subjectPlacebo controlled trialen
dc.subjectNutrition examination surveyen
dc.subject3Rd national healthen
dc.subjectRespiratory tract infectionen
dc.subjectSmooth muscle cellsen
dc.subjectImpaired glucose toleranceen
dc.subjectParathyroid hormone levelsen
dc.subjectControlled clinical trialen
dc.titleNon-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial dataen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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