AsH3 gas-phase ex situ doping 3D silicon structures
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Date
2018-07-26
Authors
Duffy, Ray
Thomas, Kevin K.
Galluccio, Emmanuele
Mirabelli, Gioele
Sultan, Maeva
Kennedy, Noel
Petkov, Nikolay
Maxwell, Graeme
Hydes, Alan
O'Connell, Dan
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AIP Publishing
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Abstract
Dopant incorporation in Si can be done in situ during epitaxial growth, or ex situ for localised material modification from a variety of sources including ion, solid, liquid, or gas. Gas-phase doping has the advantage that it does not require a thin film deposition, it is more effective at entering tight spaces than a liquid, and it is less damaging and more conformal than a beam-line ion implant. In this work, we apply arsine (AsH3) gas at approximately atmospheric pressures in order to n-type dope three-dimensional (3D) Si device structures. It was observed that the gas-phase doping can be either corrosive or gentle to thin-body Si depending on the process conditions. Initial doping processes caused damage to the Si due to etching, but after process optimisation, the structural integrity of the Si nanostructures could be maintained successfully. Moreover, it was noted that evaluating doping processes entirely on planar Si surfaces can be misleading: processes which appear promising initially may not be transferrable to non-planar thin-body structures like fins or nanowires, due to unwanted Si etching. Overall, we found that gas-phase doping with AsH3 could provide >1020 cm−3 electrically active As concentrations. This high As incorporation makes gas-phase doping very attractive for future gate-all-around devices, where the space between features will decline with continued transistor scaling.
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Keywords
Doping , Nanowires , Bipolar transistors , Transition state theory , Corrosion
Citation
Duffy, R., Thomas, K., Galluccio, E. Mirabelli, G., Sultan, M., Kennedy, N., Petkov, N., Maxwell, G., Hydes, A., O'Connell, D., Lyons, C., Sheehan, B., Schmidt, M., Holmes, J. D., Hurley, P. K., Pelucchi, E., Connolly, J., Hatem, C. and Long, B. (2018) 'AsH3 gas-phase ex situ doping 3D silicon structures', Journal of Applied Physics, 124(4), 045703 (8pp). doi: 10.1063/1.5034213
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© 2018, AIP Publishing. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. The following article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics 2018 124:4 and may be found at https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.5034213