Methyltransferases acquired by lactococcal 936-type phage provide protection against restriction endonuclease activity

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dc.contributor.authorMurphy, James
dc.contributor.authorKlumpp, Jochen
dc.contributor.authorMahony, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorO'Connell Motherway, Mary
dc.contributor.authorNauta, Arjen
dc.contributor.authorvan Sinderen, Douwe
dc.contributor.funderIrish Research Council for Science Engineering and Technologyen
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.date.accessioned2016-01-21T09:31:32Z
dc.date.available2016-01-21T09:31:32Z
dc.date.issued2014-10-01
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: So-called 936-type phages are among the most frequently isolated phages in dairy facilities utilising Lactococcus lactis starter cultures. Despite extensive efforts to control phage proliferation and decades of research, these phages continue to negatively impact cheese production in terms of the final product quality and consequently, monetary return. RESULTS: Whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis of three 936-type phage genomes identified several putative (orphan) methyltransferase (MTase)-encoding genes located within the packaging and replication regions of the genome. Utilising SMRT sequencing, methylome analysis was performed on all three phages, allowing the identification of adenine modifications consistent with N-6 methyladenine sequence methylation, which in some cases could be attributed to these phage-encoded MTases. Heterologous gene expression revealed that M.Phi145I/M.Phi93I and M.Phi93DAM, encoded by genes located within the packaging module, provide protection against the restriction enzymes HphI and DpnII, respectively, representing the first functional MTases identified in members of 936-type phages. CONCLUSIONS: SMRT sequencing technology enabled the identification of the target motifs of MTases encoded by the genomes of three lytic 936-type phages and these MTases represent the first functional MTases identified in this species of phage. The presence of these MTase-encoding genes on 936-type phage genomes is assumed to represent an adaptive response to circumvent host encoded restriction-modification systems thereby increasing the fitness of the phages in a dynamic dairy environment.en
dc.description.sponsorshipScience Foundation Ireland (SFI Investigator award (13/IA/1953, 08/IN.1/B1909)); Irish Research Council (Enterprise Partnership Scheme postgraduate scholarship)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleid831
dc.identifier.citationMURPHY, J., KLUMPP, J., MAHONY, J., O’CONNELL-MOTHERWAY, M., NAUTA, A. & VAN SINDEREN, D. 2014. Methyltransferases acquired by lactococcal 936-type phage provide protection against restriction endonuclease activity. BMC Genomics, 15:183, 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-831en
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/1471-2164-15-831
dc.identifier.endpage11en
dc.identifier.issn1471-2164
dc.identifier.journaltitleBMC Genomicsen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/2205
dc.identifier.volume15en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherBiomed Central Ltd.en
dc.rights© 2014 Murphy et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd., 2014. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectLactococcus lactisen
dc.subjectBacteriophageen
dc.subjectMethylomeen
dc.subjectRestriction modificationen
dc.subjectSMRT sequencingen
dc.subjectBacillus subtilis phagesen
dc.subjectBacteriophage resistanceen
dc.subjectDNA methyltransferasesen
dc.subjectFunctional analysisen
dc.subjectSingle moleculeen
dc.subjectLactis phagesen
dc.subjectGenesen
dc.subjectSystemen
dc.subjectMethylationen
dc.subjectEvolutionen
dc.titleMethyltransferases acquired by lactococcal 936-type phage provide protection against restriction endonuclease activityen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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