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Functional and practical insights into three lactococcal antiphage systems
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Date
2024-08-13
Authors
Grafakou, Andriana
Mosterd, Cas
de Waal, Paul P.
van Rijswijck, Irma M. H.
van Peij, Noël N. M. E.
Mahony, Jennifer
van Sinderen, Douwe
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American Society for Microbiology
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Abstract
The persistent challenge of phages in dairy fermentations requires the development of starter cultures with enhanced phage resistance. Recently, three plasmid-encoded lactococcal antiphage systems, named Rhea, Aristaios, and Kamadhenu, were discovered. These systems were found to confer high levels of resistance against various Skunavirus members. In the present study, their effectiveness against phage infection was confirmed in milk-based medium, thus validating their potential to ensure reliable dairy fermentations. We furthermore demonstrated that Rhea and Kamadhenu do not directly hinder phage genome replication, transcription, or associated translation. Conversely, Aristaios was found to interfere with phage transcription. Two of the antiphage systems are encoded on pMRC01-like conjugative plasmids, and the Kamadhenu-encoding plasmid was successfully transferred by conjugation to three lactococcal strains, each of which acquired substantially enhanced phage resistance against Skunavirus members. Such advances in our knowledge of the lactococcal phage resistome and the possibility of mobilizing these protective functions to bolster phage protection in sensitive strains provide practical solutions to the ongoing phage problem in industrial food fermentations.
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Keywords
Lactococcus , Lactic acid bacteria , Bacterial immunity , Phage defense , Abi
Citation
Grafakou, A., Mosterd, C., de Waal, P. P., van Rijswijck, I. M., van Peij, N. N., Mahony, J. and van Sinderen, D. (2024) 'Functional and practical insights into three lactococcal antiphage systems', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 90(9), e01120-24 (15pp). https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01120-24
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