The importance of the calcium-to-magnesium ratio for phytoremediation of dairy industry wastewater using the aquatic plant Lemna minor L.

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dc.contributor.authorWalsh, Éamonn
dc.contributor.authorPaolacci, Simona
dc.contributor.authorBurnell, Gavin M.
dc.contributor.authorJansen, Marcel A. K.
dc.contributor.funderEnvironmental Protection Agencyen
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-13T11:25:26Z
dc.date.available2020-02-13T11:25:26Z
dc.date.issued2020-01-07
dc.date.updated2020-02-13T10:12:44Z
dc.description.abstractLemnaceae are being exploited to remediate a variety of different wastewaters. Our aim was to remediate dairy processing waste, which is produced in large amounts, and contains valuable plant nutrients, for example, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and iron. However, initial trials failed to establish the growth of Lemna minor on this medium. A lack of growth can be due to a lack of essential plant nutrients, or the presence of phytotoxic ingredients. In this study we show that not just nutrient concentrations, but also the ratios between them can be important in facilitating growth. Lab-scale experiments in which L. minor were grown on 100 mL of synthetic dairy industry wastewater demonstrated that the skewed Ca:Mg ratio in synthetic wastewater is a key obstacle to good growth. Experiments showed that a ratio which favors magnesium over calcium negatively affects L. minor growth and photosynthetic yield, leading to RGRs as low as 0.05 day−1. A change in this ratio to favor calcium, through the addition of calcium sulfate, leads to RGRs of 0.2–0.3 day−1. Experiments lead us to conclude that a Ca:Mg ratio of 1:1.6 or greater is necessary for L. minor growth, and therefore phytoremediation of dairy industry processing wastewater.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEnvironmental Protection Agency (Grant 2016-W-LS-11)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationWalsh, É., Paolacci, S., Burnell, G. and Jansen, M. A. K. (2020) 'The importance of the calcium-to-magnesium ratio for phytoremediation of dairy industry wastewater using the aquatic plant Lemna minor L.', International Journal of Phytoremediation. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1707478en
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/15226514.2019.1707478en
dc.identifier.eissn1549-7879
dc.identifier.issn1522-6514
dc.identifier.journaltitleInternational Journal of Phytoremediationen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/9644
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis Groupen
dc.rights© 2020, Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal of Phytoremediation on 7 January 2020, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/15226514.2019.1707478en
dc.subjectDairy processingen
dc.subjectDuckweeden
dc.subjectLemnaen
dc.subjectPhytoremediationen
dc.subjectToxicityen
dc.subjectWastewateren
dc.titleThe importance of the calcium-to-magnesium ratio for phytoremediation of dairy industry wastewater using the aquatic plant Lemna minor L.en
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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