Where the lake meets the sea: strong reproductive isolation is associated with adaptive divergence between lake resident and anadromous three-spined sticklebacks

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dc.contributor.authorRavinet, Mark
dc.contributor.authorHynes, Rosaleen
dc.contributor.authorPoole, Russell
dc.contributor.authorCross, Thomas F.en
dc.contributor.authorMcGinnity, Philip
dc.contributor.authorHarrod, Chris
dc.contributor.authorProdhl, Paulo A.
dc.contributor.funderDepartment for Employment and Learning, Northern Ireland
dc.contributor.funderDepartment of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland
dc.date.accessioned2016-02-17T10:07:58Z
dc.date.available2016-02-17T10:07:58Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.description.abstractContact zones between divergent forms of the same species are often characterised by high levels of phenotypic diversity over small geographic distances. What processes are involved in generating such high phenotypic diversity? One possibility is that introgression and recombination between divergent forms in contact zones results in greater phenotypic and genetic polymorphism. Alternatively, strong reproductive isolation between forms may maintain distinct phenotypes, preventing homogenisation by gene flow. Contact zones between divergent freshwater-resident and anadromous stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) forms are numerous and common throughout the species distribution, offering an opportunity to examine these contrasting hypotheses in greater detail. This study reports on an interesting new contact zone located in a tidally influenced lake catchment in western Ireland, characterised by high polymorphism for lateral plate phenotypes. Using neutral and QTL-linked microsatellite markers, we tested whether the high diversity observed in this contact zone arose as a result of introgression or reproductive isolation between divergent forms: we found strong support for the latter hypothesis. Three phenotypic and genetic clusters were identified, consistent with two divergent resident forms and a distinct anadromous completely plated population that migrates in and out of the system. Given the strong neutral differentiation detected between all three morphotypes (mean F-ST = 0.12), we hypothesised that divergent selection between forms maintains reproductive isolation. We found a correlation between neutral genetic and adaptive genetic differentiation that support this. While strong associations between QTL linked markers and phenotypes were also observed in this wild population, our results support the suggestion that such associations may be more complex in some Atlantic populations compared to those in the Pacific. These findings provide an important foundation for future work investigating the dynamics of gene flow and adaptive divergence in this newly discovered stickleback contact zone.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland (Beaufort Marine Research Award in Fish Population Genetics)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleide0122825
dc.identifier.citationRavinet M, Hynes R, Poole R, Cross TF, McGinnity P, Harrod C, et al. (2015) Where the Lake Meets the Sea: Strong Reproductive Isolation Is Associated with Adaptive Divergence between Lake Resident and Anadromous Three-Spined Sticklebacks. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0122825. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122825
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0122825
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.issued4en
dc.identifier.journaltitlePLOS ONEen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/2311
dc.identifier.volume10en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen
dc.rights© 2015 Ravinet et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are crediteden
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectLateral plate reductionen
dc.subjectLast glacial maximumen
dc.subjectThreespine sticklebacken
dc.subjectGasterosteus aculeatusen
dc.subjectPopulation structureen
dc.subjectEcological speciationen
dc.subjectHybrid zonesen
dc.subjectGenetic divergenceen
dc.subjectStream sticklebacken
dc.subjectEctodysplasin allelesen
dc.titleWhere the lake meets the sea: strong reproductive isolation is associated with adaptive divergence between lake resident and anadromous three-spined sticklebacksen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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