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Focus on the essentials: tryptophan metabolism and the microbiome-gut-brain axis
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Date
2019-10-14
Authors
Gheorghe, Cassandra Elise
Martin, Jason A.
Villalobos Manriquez, Francisca
Dinan, Timothy G.
Cryan, John F.
Clarke, Gerard
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd.
Published Version
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, in which serotonin (5-HT) functions as a key neurotransmitter. Recent research has increasingly concentrated on tryptophan, the precursor to 5-HT and on the microbial regulation of tryptophan metabolism, with an emphasis on host-microbe control over kynurenine pathway metabolism and microbial-specific pathways that generate bioactive tryptophan metabolites. Here, we critically assess recent progress made towards a mechanistic understanding of the microbial regulation of tryptophan metabolism and microbiota-gut-brain axis homeostasis highlighting the role tryptophan metabolism plays in preclinical and clinical neuroscience and in the challenge to improve our understanding of how perturbed tryptophan metabolism contributes to stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Description
Keywords
Gut-brain axis , Central nervous system , Gastrointestinal tract , Serotonin , 5-HT , Tryptophan metabolism
Citation
Gheorghe, C. E., Martin, J. A., Villalobos Manriquez, F., Dinan, T. G., Cryan, J. F. and Clarke, G. (2019) 'Focus on the essentials: tryptophan metabolism and the microbiome-gut-brain axis', Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 48, pp. 137-145. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.08.004