dc.contributor.author	Briner, Alexandra E.
dc.contributor.author	Lugli, Gabriele A.
dc.contributor.author	Milani, Christian
dc.contributor.author	Duranti, Sabrina
dc.contributor.author	Turroni, Francesca
dc.contributor.author	Gueimonde, Miguel
dc.contributor.author	Margolles, Abelardo
dc.contributor.author	van Sinderen, Douwe
dc.contributor.author	Ventura, Marco
dc.contributor.author	Barrangou, Rodolphe
dc.date.accessioned	2016-02-17T10:07:56Z
dc.date.available	2016-02-17T10:07:56Z
dc.date.issued	2015
dc.description.abstract	CRISPR-Cas systems constitute adaptive immune systems for antiviral defense in bacteria. We investigated the occurrence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems in 48 Bifidobacterium genomes to gain insights into the diversity and co-evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems within the genus and investigate CRISPR spacer content. We identified the elements necessary for the successful targeting and inference of foreign DNA in select Type II CRISPR-Cas systems, including the tracrRNA and target PAM sequence. Bifidobacterium species have a very high frequency of CRISPR-Cas occurrence (77%, 37 of 48). We found that many Bifidobacterium species have unusually large and diverse CRISPR-Cas systems that contain spacer sequences showing homology to foreign genetic elements like prophages. A large number of CRISPR spacers in bifidobacteria show perfect homology to prophage sequences harbored in the chromosomes of other species of Bifidobacterium, including some spacers that self-target the chromosome. A correlation was observed between strains that lacked CRISPR-Cas systems and the number of times prophages in that chromosome were targeted by other CRISPR spacers. The presence of prophage-targeting CRISPR spacers and prophage content may shed light on evolutionary processes and strain divergence. Finally, elements of Type II CRISPR-Cas systems, including the tracrRNA and crRNAs, set the stage for the development of genome editing and genetic engineering tools.	en
dc.description.sponsorship	North Carolina State University; GenProbio srl; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), through the Irish Government's National Development Plan (SFI/12/RC/2273)	en
dc.description.status	Peer reviewed	en
dc.description.version	Published Version	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en
dc.identifier.articleid	e0133661
dc.identifier.citation	Briner AE, Lugli GA, Milani C, Duranti S, Turroni F, Gueimonde M, et al. (2015) Occurrence and Diversity of CRISPR-Cas Systems in the Genus Bifidobacterium. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0133661. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133661
dc.identifier.doi	10.1371/journal.pone.0133661
dc.identifier.issn	1932-6203
dc.identifier.issued	7	en
dc.identifier.journaltitle	PLOS ONE	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10468/2300
dc.identifier.volume	10	en
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.publisher	Public Library of Science	en
dc.rights	© 2015 Briner et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited	en
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	en
dc.subject	Comparative genomics	en
dc.subject	Adaptive immunity	en
dc.subject	Streptococcus thermophilus	en
dc.subject	Acquired resistance	en
dc.subject	Rna	en
dc.subject	Dna	en
dc.subject	Evolution	en
dc.subject	Bacteria	en
dc.subject	Classification	en
dc.subject	Endonuclease	en
dc.title	Occurrence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems in the genus Bifidobacterium	en
dc.type	Article (peer-reviewed)	en

Occurrence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems in the genus Bifidobacterium

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