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Pen direct writing of multiplex-LFIA for detection of thiamphenicol and tylosin in milk
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Date
2025-01-09
Authors
Russo, Alida
Cavalera, Simone
Murray, Richard
Quinn, Aidan J.
Anfossi, Laura
Iacopino, Daniela
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Springer Nature
Published Version
Abstract
Therapeutic and misuse of veterinary drugs, such as antibiotics, can increase the potential risk of residue contamination in animal-derived food products. For milk, these residual antibiotics can have an impact on efficiency in dairy processing factories, as well as economic loss, and can also cause side effects on consumer health. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are gaining popularity for their ease of use, low cost and their fulfilment to the REASSURED (real-time connection/monitoring, easy sampling, affordable, specific, user-friendly, rapid/robust, equipment free, deliverable to end user) criteria. At the same time, direct writing of functional materials has been recently used for facile applications on point-of-care test (POCT) fabrication. Herein, a novel multiplex-LFIA has been developed for the simultaneous detection of two antibiotics in milk: thiamphenicol and tylosin. In contrast to the traditional automated dispensers, a direct pen writing method was used to deposit control and test lines. The response of each antibiotic was tested, as well as the selectivity of the test during cross-testing. For both antibiotics, the test was successful in distinguishing between safe and unsafe milk samples, according to the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set for both antibiotics. The visual LOD obtained was 100 ppb for the two antibiotics, and the IC50 was lower than the set maximum residue limits (MRLs).
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Keywords
LFIA , Gold nanoparticles , Milk analysis , Antibiotics , Direct writing , Visual detection , Smartphone RGB color detection , Image J
Citation
Russo, A., Cavalera, S., Murray, R., Quinn, A. J., Anfossi, L. and Iacopino, D. (2025) 'Pen direct writing of multiplex-LFIA for detection of thiamphenicol and tylosin in milk', Microchimica Acta, 192, 59 (11pp). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-024-06900-5
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Copyright
© 2025, the Authors, under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature. This version of the paper has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-024-06900-5