Metformin and dipeptidase peptidyl-4 inhibitor differentially modulate the intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolome of metabolically dysfunctional mice

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dc.contributor.authorRyan, Paul M.
dc.contributor.authorPatterson, Elaine
dc.contributor.authorCarafa, Ilaria
dc.contributor.authorMandal, Rupasri
dc.contributor.authorWishart, David S.
dc.contributor.authorDinan, Timothy G.
dc.contributor.authorCryan, John F.
dc.contributor.authorTuohy, Kieran M.
dc.contributor.authorStanton, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorRoss, R. Paul
dc.contributor.funderNovartisen
dc.contributor.funderTeagascen
dc.contributor.funderIreland Canada University Foundationen
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-27T11:09:05Z
dc.date.available2019-08-27T11:09:05Z
dc.date.issued2019-05-27
dc.date.updated2019-08-27T10:53:44Z
dc.description.abstractObjectives: Recent evidence indicates that gut microbiota is altered considerably by a variety of commonly prescribed medications. This study assessed the impact of 2 antidiabetic therapeutics on gut microbiota and markers of cardiometabolic disease in metabolically dysfunctional mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 24 weeks while receiving 1 of 2 antidiabetic therapeutics—metformin or dipeptidase peptidyl-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, PKF-275-055—for the final 12 weeks. Mice were assessed for weight gain, glucose and cholesterol metabolism, and adiposity. In addition, cecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S compositional sequencing, and plasma metabolome was analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Both therapeutics had similar metabolic effects, attenuating mesenteric adiposity and improving cholesterol metabolism and insulin sensitivity. However, multivariate analyses of microbiota and metabolomics data revealed clear divergence of the therapeutic groups. Although both metformin and PKF-275-055 mice displayed significantly decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, only metformin harboured metabolic health-associated Akkermansia, Parabacteroides and Christensenella. Paradoxically, metformin also reduced α diversity, a metric frequently associated with host metabolic fitness. PKF-275-055 mice displayed elevated levels of butyrate-producing Ruminococcus and acetogen Dorea, with reduced levels of certain plasma sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine entities. In turn, metformin reduced levels of acylcarnitines, a functional group associated with systemic metabolic dysfunction. Finally, several associations were identified between metabolites and altered taxa. Conclusions: This study represents the first direct comparison of the microbiota-modifying effects of metformin and a DPP-4 inhibitor, and proposes several putative microbial targets both in terms of novel therapeutic development and adverse effect prevention.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNovartis, Ireland (provision of PKF-275-055); Teagasc (Teagasc Walsh Fellowship; Teagasc Walsh Fellow Short-term Overseas Training Award); Ireland Canada University Foundation (Dobbin Scholarship);en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationRyan, P. M., Patterson, E., Carafa, I., Mandal, R., Wishart, D. S., Dinan, T. G., Cryan, J. F., Tuohy, K. M., Stanton, C. and Ross, R. P. (2019) 'Metformin and Dipeptidase Peptidyl-4 Inhibitor Differentially Modulate the Intestinal Microbiota and Plasma Metabolome of Metabolically Dysfunctional Mice', Canadian Journal of Diabetes, doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.05.008en
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.05.008en
dc.identifier.endpage12en
dc.identifier.issn1499-2671
dc.identifier.journaltitleCanadian Journal of Diabetesen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/8395
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Research Centres/12/RC/2273/IE/Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) - Interfacing Food & Medicine/en
dc.relation.urihttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499267119300024
dc.rights© 2019 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseen
dc.subjectDiabetesen
dc.subjectDPP-4en
dc.subjectMetforminen
dc.subjectMicrobiotaen
dc.subjectPKF-275-055en
dc.subjectMetformineen
dc.subjectMicrobioteen
dc.subjectDiabetesen
dc.titleMetformin and dipeptidase peptidyl-4 inhibitor differentially modulate the intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolome of metabolically dysfunctional miceen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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