Legislation for smoke-free workplaces and health of bar workers in Ireland: before and after study
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Published Version
Date
2005-11-12
Authors
Allwright, Shane
Paul, Gillian
Greiner, Birgit A.
Mullally, Bernie J.
Pursell, Lisa
Kelly, Alan
Bonner, Brendan
D'Eath, Maureen
McConnell, Bill
McLaughlin, James P.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
British Medical Association, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Published Version
Abstract
Objectives: To compare exposure to secondhand smoke and respiratory health in bar staff in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland before and after the introduction of legislation for smoke-free workplaces in the Republic. Design: Comparisons before and after the legislation in intervention and control regions. Setting Public houses in three areas in the Republic (intervention) and one area in Northern Ireland (control). Participants: 329 bar staff enrolled in baseline survey; 249 (76%) followed up one year later. Of these, 158 were non-smokers both at baseline and follow-up. Main outcome measures: Salivary cotinine concentration, self reported exposure to secondhand smoke, and respiratory and sensory irritation symptoms. Results: In bar staff in the Republic who did not themselves smoke, salivary cotinine concentrations dropped by 80% after the smoke-free law (from median 29.0 nmol/l (95% confidence interval 18.2 to 43.2 nmol/l)) to 5.1 nmol/l (2.8 to 13.1 nmol/l) in contrast with a 20% decline in Northern Ireland over the same period (from median 25.3 nmol/l (10.4 to 59.2 nmol/l) to 20.4 nmol/l (13.2 to 33.8 nmol/l)). Changes in self reported exposure to secondhand smoke were consistent with the changes in cotinine concentrations. Reporting any respiratory symptom declined significantly in the Republic (down 16.7%, -26.1% to -7.3%) but not in Northern Ireland (0% difference, -32.7% to 32.7%). After adjustment for confounding, respiratory symptoms declined significantly more in the Republic than in Northern Ireland and the decline in cotinine concentration was twice as great. Conclusion: The smoke-free law in the Republic of Ireland protects non-smoking bar workers from exposure to secondhand smoke.
Description
Keywords
Secondhand smoke effects , Smoke-free workplace legislation , Passive smoking
Citation
Allwright S., Paul G., Greiner B., Mullally BJ., et al, 2005. Legislation for smoke-free workplaces and health of bar workers in Ireland: before and after study. BMJ, 331(7525), pp. 1117-1123.