Detecting Lactococcus lactis prophages by Mitomycin C-mediated induction coupled to flow cytometry analysis
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Date
2017
Authors
Oliveira, Joana
Mahony, Jennifer
Hanemaaijer, Laurens
Kouwen, Thijs R.
Neve, Horst
MacSharry, John
van Sinderen, Douwe
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Publisher
Frontiers Media S.A.
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Abstract
Most analyzed Lactococcus lactis strains are predicted to harbor one or more prophage genomes within their chromosome; however, the true extent of the inducibility and functionality of such prophages cannot easily be deduced from sequence analysis alone. Chemical treatment of lysogenic strains with Mitomycin C is known to cause induction of temperate phages, though it is not always easy to clearly identify a lysogenic strain or to measure the number of released phage particles. Here, we report the application of flow cytometry as a reliable tool for the detection and enumeration of released lactococcal prophages using the green dye SYTO-9.
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Keywords
Temperate phages , Lysogeny , Chemical inductions , Prophage , Flow cytometry , Electron microscopy , Marine viruses , Phage , Bacteriophage , Temperate , Identification , Strains , TP901-1 , PCR , Populations
Citation
Oliveira, J., Mahony, J., Hanemaaijer, L., Kouwen, T. R. H. M., Neve, H., MacSharry, J. and van Sinderen, D. (2017) 'Detecting Lactococcus lactis prophages by Mitomycin C-mediated induction coupled to flow cytometry analysis', Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 1343 (11pp). doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01343